THE 


I 

j Ferrotyper’s  Guide- 

A COMPLETE  ^ 

I MANUAL  OF  INSTEUOTION  IN  THE  ART 

OF  fereotyping/ 

I WRITTK^^  HY 

' AN  ACTIVE  FEKROTYPER. 

I A-  .'5 

Presented  hy 

I J.  J.  AT  KINS  ON, 

I Dealer  in  Britisli  and  American  Photographic  Materials  and 
j Ferrotype  SupplieSi? 

; <t  37  Manc  hester  St.,  Liveri>ool,  EnG. 

i 

^ ‘ NEW  YORK: 

V , ' ^ 

PUBLISHEJ)  FOR  THE  AUTHOR  BY 

SCOVILL  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY. 

Philadelphia;  Benerman  & Wilson. 

“ ‘i  1 87  8. 


r 


THE 


Ferrotyper’s  Guide 

A COMPLETE 


MANUAL  OF  INSTRUCTION  IN  THE  ART 
^ OF  FERROTYPING. 


i WRITTEN  BY 


AN  ACTIVE  FERROTYPER. 

*■ 


i 


NEW  YORK: 

/ 

PUBLISHED  FOR  THE  AUTHOR  BY 
SCOVILL  MANUFACTURING  COMPANY. 
18  7 3. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1873, 

By  ScoviLL  Manufacturing  Company, 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 


CONTENTS, 


PAGE 


Introduction, 

The  Advantages  of  the  Ferrotype, 
The  Manipulations,  . . . . 

The  Nitrate  Bath,  . . . . 

The  Collodion, 

The  Developer, 

The  Fixing  Solution,  . . . . 

Other  Manipulations— Pinholes, 

Strengthening, 

Tinting  and  Coloring,  . . . . 

Varnishing, 

Drying  and  Dryers,  . . . . 

Finishing  the  Work,  . , . . 

Ferrotype  Envelopes,  . . . . 

“ Supports,  . . . . 

“ Plates,  . . . . 

The  Apparatus, 

The  Skylight  and  the  Dark-Boom,  . 
Vignettes  and  Medallions, 


5 

7 

10 

12 

15 

21 

25 

26 
28 

30 

31 
34 

36 

37 

38 

39 
43 
50 
53 


INTRODUCTIOK 


The  purpose  and  intention  of  this  work  is  to 
give  plain  and  precise  directions  for  the  produc- 
tion of  ferrotypes. 

We  presume  that  all  of  our  readers  are  photog- 
raphers, and  for  that  reason  we  shall  not  go  into 
tedious  details.  Yet  the  novice  may  find  herein 
all  he  wants  to  give  him  ample  information  con- 
cerning the  work  in  question,  for  we  shall  suffer 
no  necessary  point  to  go  by  unexplained. 

The  ferrotype,  as  is  well  known,  is  a collodion 
positive  picture  made  upon  a japanned  iron  plate. 
It  has  been  very  popular  in  the  United  States  for 
a number  of  years,  and  has  had  a long  and  suc- 
cessful life,  though  it  has  been  much  retarded  by 
a jealous  feeling  among  photographers,  who  have 
tried  to  degrade  it  and  to  kill  ” it.  Just  as  the 
telegraph,  the  railway,  the  steamboat,  and  hun- 
dreds of  other  comparatively  modern  improve- 
ments were  ridiculed  in  the  beginning,  so  were 
ferrotypes  hooted  at  and  cried  down  by  photog- 
raphers. The  main  cause  of  this  jealousy  was 
the  fact  that  ferrotypes  could  be  produced  very 
cheaply,  and  photographers  feared  they  would 

(5) 


6 


INTRODUCTION. 


be  ruined  by  the  introduction  of  a cheaper  pic- 
ture. Meanwhile,  the  public  seemed  to  want 
them ; the  manufacturers  of  and  dealers  in  sup- 
plies saw  ‘‘  business  ” in  them,  and  proceeded  to 
perfect  the  apparatus  and  material  needed ; those 
who  had  taken  up  the  process  to  practice  it,  made 
rapid  improvements  in  the  manipulations,  and 
in  due  season  the  ferrotype  marched  alongside 
the  photograph  as  a fierce  compeer.  Those  who 
“first  ridiculed,  then  opposed,”  finally  “ac- 
cepted ” them,  made  them,  and  make  them  now, 
so  that  in  the  majority  of  the  establishments  you 
may  have  your  choice  of  a photograph  or  a fer- 
rotype. 

More  than  this,  there  are  some  in  America 
whose  ferrotypes  are  real  works  of  art,  for  the 
subject  is  lighted  as  skilfully  and  posed  as  artis- 
tically as  can  be  in  any  photograph.  Such  men 
have  done  much  to  raise  the  ferrotype  from  the 
oblivion  to  which  photographers  generally  would 
have  consigned  it. 

Much  is  due,  also,  to  the  strenuous  efforts  of 
the  Phenix  Ferrotype  Plate  Company,  of  Wor- 
cester, Mass.,  who  have  labored  so  hard,  and 
with  such  eminent  success,  to  produce  a quality 
of  ferrotype  plate  that  would  meet  all  the  require- 
ments of  the  process.  Again,  much  of  the  prog- 
ress of  the  ferrotype  is  owing  to  the  very  perfect 
apparatus,  such  as  “gem”  and  “multiplying” 
camera-boxes,  than  which  none  in  any  way  ap- 
proach the  American  Optical  Company’s  (Sco- 


THE  ADVANTAGES  OF  THE  FERROTYPE.  7 


vill’s)  in  quality,  neatness,  compactness,  or  style. 
It  is  even  more  important  to  have  these  articles 
for  ferrotype  work  as  perfect  as  possible  than  in 
the  negative  process.  There  is  nothing  meaner 
than  a mean  ferrotype  plate.  You  may  make  a 
negative  with  a shaky  camera-box  and  a lens  a 
little  out  of  focus,  but  a multiplying  box  must 
work  exactly^  and  the  lenses  must  be  adjusted  per- 
fectly alike  in  focus  or  the  whole  is  worthless. 
There  are  none  which  are  so  nearly  perfect  as 
those  made  by  the  American  Optical  Company. 

Bearing  these  facts  in  mind,  we  will  proceed 
to  discuss  the  merits,  advantages,  and  claims  of 
the  ferrotype  briefly,  and  then  proceed  at  once 
with  the  practical  details  of  their  production. 


CHAPTEB  I. 

THE  ADVANTAGES  OF  THE  FERROTYPE. 

A GREAT  deal  might  be  said  in  favor  of  the 
ferrotype,  though  we  neither  predict  nor  believe 
that  it  will  ever  supersede  the  photograph.  We 
believe  this,  however,  that  thousands,  yea,  mil- 
lions of  ferrotypes  can  be  made  where  no  pictures 
at  all  would  be  made  did  not  ferrotypes  exist. 
For  this  reason  they  may  be  introduced  by  pho- 
tographers in  almost  any  quarter  without  fear 
of  their  damaging  the  other  branches  of  the  busi- 


8 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


ness.  A fair  trial,  we  think,  will  convince  any 
one  of  the  truth  of  this. 

They  are  easily  produced ; the  material  costs 
but  little ; the  profits  are  large,  and  the  results 
are  very  beautiful  and  pleasing  to  your  patrons 
if  you  exercise  the  same  care  in  their  production 
that  you  do  in  the  production  of  photographs. 

Among  other  advantages  in  their  favor  are  the 
following : 

1.  They  can  be  made  and  finished  so  quickly 
that  the  customer  can  wait  for  them.  Your 
work  is  then  done,  and  you  get  your  money. 
There  are  no  prints  to  make  and  tone,  and  prob- 
ably spoil. 

2.  You  do  all  the  work  requiring  judgment 
and  care  yourself.  The  simplest  employee  can 
finish  them,  if  ordinarily  neat  and  careful. 

3.  There  are  many  times  when  a ferrotype 
will  meet  the  requirements  of  the  case  when  a 
photograph  would  not  do  at  all ; for  example, 
where  parties  are  paying  a hasty  visit  who  will 
not  have  a portrait  taken  at  all  unless  they  can 
take  it  with  them;  where  persons  called  unex- 
pectedly from  home  want  to  take  pictures  of  their 
friends  with  them ; where  the  work  of  having 
one’s  portrait  made  for  a special  occasion  is  put 
ofi*  until  the  last  moment ; where  one  desires  to 
have  the  number  of  portraits  taken  limited,  thus 
avoiding  any  clash  between  photographer  and 
patron  as  to  the  ownership  of  the  negative. 

4.  They  generally  soften  and  flatter  strongly- 


THE  ADVANTAGES  OF  THE  FERROTYPE.  9 


marked  faces,  and  are  great  favorites  with  the 
public. 

5.  As  they  may  be  produced  with  such  facility 
the  best  of  people  will  often  have  them  taken, 
when  dressed  in  a special  way ; when  celebrating 
an  anniversary  occasion ; when  desiring  a picture 
to  mark  any  particular  event,  &c. 

6.  The  masses  will  have  them  made  in  quan- 
tity, because  they  may  be  had  at  a comparatively 
low  price. 

In  all  the  cases  mentioned,  photographs  would 
not  be  made,  even  if  ferrotypes  were  not  to  be 
had,  so  that  instead  of  the  photographer’s  busi- 
ness receipts  becoming  depleted  by  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  ferrotype,  on  the  contrary  he  would 
find  them  largely  increased. 

Again,  if  the  ferrotype  is  introduced  into  new 
places  its  novelty  will  attract  many  customers,  and 
make  much  additional  business.  The  prices  need 
not  be  made  too  low.  Charge  enough  for  them. 
Also,  when  groups  are  taken,  add  something  for 
each  additional  figure. 

Ferrotypes  are  very  beautiful  and  very  pop- 
ular in  America,  and  large  establishments,  hand- 
somely fitted  up,  are  there  devoted  entirely  to 
the  production  of  these  very  popular  pictures. 
An  idea  of  the  quantity  made,  may  be  had  from 
the  fact  that  in  one  month,  recently,  the  Scovill 
Manufacturing  Company  (New  York)  alone  sold 
S12,000  worth  of  the  Phenix  Ferrotype  Plates. 
Add  to  this  the  quantities  sold  by  the  manufac- 


10 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


turers  to  other  dealers,  and  you  have  an  irrepres- 
sible argument  in  favor  of  the  ferrotype. 


CHAPTER  II. 

THE  MANIPULATIONS. 

The  manipulations  are  simple  and  easy.  After 
the  solutions  and  preparations  are  in  readiness 
come : 

A.  Collodionizing. 

B.  Sensitteing. 

C.  Exp(^ure. 

D.  Development. 

E.  Fixing. 

F.  Drying. 

G.  Tinting. 

H.  Mounting. 

I.  Varnishing. 

J.  Receiving  the  reward  of  merit. 

The  same  care,  the  same  cleanliness,  the  same 
skill,  the  same  thought,  and  the  same  sort  of 
brain-work  are  necessary  as  that  required  by 
photography.  No  man  can  hope  to  succeed  in 
making  good  work  without  the  exercise  of  all  of 
these,  and  he  is  sure  to  succeed  if  he  does  exer- 
cise them. 

There  is  nothing  in  the  woh'k  of  the  ferrotyper 
that  will  degrade  the  photographer.  Do  not  be 
afraid  of  that.  All  the  good  lessons  you  have 


THE  MANIPULATIONS. 


H 


had  in  matters  of  photographic  nicety,  skill, 
aesthetics,  &c.,  will  come  in  play  in  the  production 
of  ferrotypes.  It  is  quite  easy  to  make  a bad 
ferrotype,  but  just  as  easy  to  make  a good  one  if 
you  know  how,  and  this  we  will^reeeedrto  feacli 
you  as  explicitly  as  we  can. 

NOTES. 

The  earful,  cleanly  manipulator  succeeds  in 
produc^  the  best  results. 

Use/xhe  best  material  you  can  obtain,  and  the 
best  of  apparatus.  The  material  costs  so  little 
th^  there  is  no  economy  in  trying  to  use  that 
wl/ich  is  bad. 

/when  difficulty  in  working  your  formula  oc- 
curs, carefully  examine  everything,  and  you  will, 
no  doubt,  discover  the  cause. 

I Your  motto  should  be.  The  best  of  work^  and 
remunerative  prices. 

\Above  all  things  else,  use  good  plates.  The 
Phenix  Ferrotype  Plate  Company’s  are  the  best. 

^lect  carefully  your  apparatus.  The  “ Gem,” 
“Vrctoria,”  and  “Multiplying”  boxes,  made 
by  tl^ American  Optical  Company  (Scovill’s), 
are  the  most  advantageous. 

The  ease  with  which  ferrotypes  are  made 
should  not  debar  you  from  further  study.  Bead 
all  that  is  written  upon  the  subject,  and  con- 
stantly search  after  more  knowledge. 

As  the  developer  upon  the  plate  causes  the 
molecules  of  silver  to  deposit  and  form  the  beau- 


12 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


tiful  image,  so  will  reading  and  study  leave  a 
deposit  of  knowledge  upon  your  mind,  which 
will  assist  you  greatly  in  the  production  of  your 
work. 


CHAPTEE  III. 

THE  NITRATE  BATH. 

The  greatest  care  should  be  exercised  in  the 
preparation  of  the  nitrate  bath.  We  need  not 
remind  the  old  photographer  that  the  bath  is 
the  father  of  good  and  of  evil,  and  yet  as  a child 
never  cries  unless  something  ails  it,  so  the  bath 
never  refuses  to  do  its  work  properly  unless  some- 
thing ails  it.  That  something  is  generally  the 
result  of  some  imprudence  on  the  part  of  the 
operator,  and  a careful  and  patient  search  will 
generally  set  matters  right. 

The  ferrotype  bath  is  prepared  as  follows : 

Water, 1 ounce. 

Nitrate  of  Silver,  . . . 45  grains. 

Iodize  with  iodide  of  potassium.  There  are  two 
ways  of  iodizing  the  bath.  One  is,  to  add  the 
iodide  (say  four  grains  to  a half  gallon  of  solu- 
tion) directly  to  the  silver  solution,  and  then 
after  dissolving,  filter.  The  following  method, 
however,  we  think  is  better : 

Dissolve  the  iodide,  as  near  as  possible,  in  a 
small  portion,  an  ounce  or  so,  of  the  silver  solu- 


THE  NITRATE  BATH. 


13 


tion ; allow  it  to  settle,  and  then  pour  off  the 
solution  ; now  wash  the  iodide  with  water,  pour- 
ing off  the  water  when  the  salts  settle,  and 
repeating  the  operation  two  or  three  times. 
Finally,  add  the  iodide  to  the  silver  bath  ; shake 
well,  and  treat  the  whole  to  at  least  a whole  day 
of  sunshine.  Before  using  it,  add  nitric  acid 
sufficient  to  turn  blue  litmus  paper  slightly  red, 
when,  after  standing  a few  hours,  the  solution  is 
ready  for  use. 

NOTES. 

The  bath  should  be  kept  as  near  neutral  as 
possible.  If  it  causes  the  least  sign  of  muddi- 
ness or  grayness  of  the  film,  add  acid  cautiously 
until  the  trouble  disappears. 

A bath  decidedly  acid,  and  one  deficient  in 
acid  will  cause  harshness  and  slowness,  besides  a 
lack  of  brilliancy  and  roundness  of  the  image — 
gray  high-lights  and  dark  shadows. 

Keep  an  eighty-grain  stock  solution  of  silver 
on  hand  with  which  to  strengthen  the  bath  when 
it  becomes  weakened  by  work  or  overcharged 
with  iodide.  Set  the  bath  in  the  sun  a few  hours 
after  such  additions,  and  filter  before  use. 

It  is  unnecessary  to  filter  your  bath  every 
night,  though  if  it  can  be  done  in  the  dark  it  is 
recommended  as  being  the  best  plan. 

An  over  acid  bath  causes  specks  of  comet  shape 
to  appear  on  the  film.  The  only  remedy  is  to 
mix  some  plain  neutral  solution  with  the  other, 
enough  to  counteract  the  acidity. 


14 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


The  addition  of  ammonia  would  answer  if  care 
is  had  not  to  add  too  much. 

Should  the  bath  show  indications  of  being  over- 
acidified, in  the  hurry  of  work,  a collodion  salted 
with  cadmium  salts  will  give  temporary  relief. 

Be  careful  that  the  plate-holders,  shields,  and 
dark-slides  are  carefully  protected  from  the  action 
of  the  silver  solution.  Shellac,  asphaltum,  pa- 
raffine and  lard  are  all  good  protectors. 

An  extra  bath  should  always  be  kept  ready  for 
an  emergency. 

Do  not  use  your  ferrotype  bath  for  negatives. 

It  is  not  a good  plan  to  add  silver  of  one  manu- 
facture to  a bath  made  up  of  that  of  another 
manufacture.  The  acid  and  the  metal  used  by 
difierent  manufacturers  vary  in  their  nature,  and, 
of  course,  the  resulting  nitrate  varies.  Hence 
the  silver  made  by  one  party  would  be  very  apt 
to  cause  some  chemical  disturbance  if  added  to  a 
solution  made  up  from  silver  of  another  brand. 

The  ferrotype  bath  in  its  workings  and  dispo- 
sition is  very  similar  to  the  negative  bath,  and 
one  accustomed  to  the  management  of  the  latter 
can  readily  manipulate  the  former.  The  novice, 
when  in  trouble  with  his  bath,  will  find  full  in- 
structions how  to  proceed  in  works  on  photogra- 
phy more  pretentious  than  this,  such  as  Dr.  Vo- 
gel’s Handbook  of  Photography ; Elbert  Ander- 
son’s Skylight  and  Dark-room^  &c. 

The  Phenix  Eerrotype  Company’s  plates,  and 
the  American  Optical  Company’s  apparatus,  are 


THE  COLLODION. 


15 


made  with  a view  to  putting  the  best  of  their 
kind  into  the  hands  of  operators,  thus  aiding 
them  very  materially  in  the  production  of  the 
best  of  work. 


CHAPTEE  IV. 

THE  COLLODION. 

There  are  of  course  as  many  formulee  pos- 
sible for  the  making  of  collodion  as  there  are 
changes  possible  in  the  alphabet.  The  climate, 
temperature,  and  peculiar  notions  of  the  manipu- 
lator, regulate  the  matter  altogether. 

What  follows  are  the  best  known  and  most 
used  formulae  in  America,  and  they  are  all  good. 
If  one  does  not  prove  good  in  your  hands,  then 
you  have  others  from  which  to  choose. 

A. 

Ether  and  Alcohol,  . . . Equal  parts. 

To  each  ounce  of  the  above  add : 

Iodide  of  Ammonium,  . . .3  grains. 

Iodide  of  Cadmium,  . . . 2 “ 

Bromide  of  Cadmium,  . . . 2J  ‘‘ 

Gun-cotton  (Hance^s  Delicate  Cream),  to  5 grains. 

This  will  be  found  as  good  as  anything  can 
possibly  be.  Some  may  have  a conceit  that  they 
succeed  better  with 


16 


THE  FERROTYPER  S GUIDE. 


Ether  and  Alcohol,  . 

B. 

20  ounces  each. 

Bromide  of  Potassium 

> 

40  grains. 

Bromide  of  Cadmium, 

, 

60 

Iodide  of  Ammonium, 

. 

200 

Gun-cotton  (Hance’s 
Cream), 

Delicate 

180  to  200  grains 

The  former  will  be  found  to  keep  the  best  in 
hot  weather,  owing  to  the  greater  quantity  of 
cadmium  salts  used.  Very  excellent  results  are 
obtainable  by  mixing  A and  B together.  Of 
course  remember  that  cadmium  salts  are  more 
decidedly  alkaline  than  those  of  other  salts,  and 
if  collodion  B works  a little  slow  or  harsh  on  ac- 
count of  acidity,  of  course  the  addition  of  A will 
correct  it  more  or  less. 


C. 

Ether  and  Alcohol,  ....  Equal  parts. 

Gun-cotton,  5 grains  to  the  ounce  of  the  above, 
immersing  the  cotton  in  the  ether  before  adding 
the  alcohol. 

To  each  pound  of  plain  collodion  add : 

Iodide  of  Ammonium,  . . .04  grains. 

“ Cadmium,  . . . . 32  “ 

Bromide  “ . . . . 20 

Being  a cadmium  collodion  this  will  keep  well, 
and  may  be  used  as  soon  as  it  has  settled  suffi- 
ciently to  decant. 


THE  COLLODION. 


17 


D. 


Ether  and  Alcohol,  each,  . 

8 ounces. 

Gun-cotton  (Hance^s), 

. 112  grains. 

Iodide  of  Ammonium, 

00 

“ Sodium, 

. 16  “ 

“ Cadmium,  . 

. 32  “ 

Bromide 

, 

. 32  “ 

This  is  a rather  more  difficult  collodion  to  ma- 
nipulate than  the  others,  but  in  skilful  hands 
obtains  most  delicate  and  beautiful  results  with 
any  plate  having  a fine  surface,  such,  for  exam- 
ple, as  the  chocolate-tinted  glossy  plates  of  the 
Phenix  Plate  Company. 

Some  ferrotypers  are  accustomed  to  exciting 
their  collodion  with  the  double  salts,  made  as 
follows : 

Iodide  of  Cadmium,  . . . 182  grammes. 

Iodide  of  Potassium,  . . 165  “ 

Warm  Water, 300  “ 

Shake  well  and  filter;  then  evaporate  in  a 
small  evaporating  dish  over  slow  heat.  For 
ammonium  and  cadmium : 

Iodide  of  Cadmium,  . . . 149  grammes. 

Iodide  of  Ammonium,  . . .144  “ 

Water  same  as  before. 

Double  bromides  can  be  made  as  well  by  using 
their  equivalents. 

The  great  advantage  gained  is  in  being  able  to 
2 


18 


THE  FERROTYPER  S GUIDE. 


use  the  potassium  without  any  water  to  dissolve 
it,  as  the  double  iodides  dissolve  very  readily  in 
alcohol  and  ether. 

For  collodion 

E. 

Use  the  following  proportions  : 

Double  Iodide,  . . . . 6 to  6 grains. 

Double  Bromide,  or  Bromide  of 

Cadmium, 2J  grains. 

Alcohol  and  Ether,  . . . equal  parts. 

Cotton  (Hance’s  Delicate  Cream),  about  6 grains. 

For  soft,  delicate  effects,  when  good  plates  are 
used,  nothing  is  superior  to  this  collodion,  though 
as  we  have  said,  it  requires  a nice,  careful, 
thoughtful  manipulator  to  work  it.  Until  he  is 
more  experienced,  the  novice  had  best  adhere  to 
A or  C. 

Too  much  care  cannot  be  observed  in  making 
collodion,  and  pure  chemicals  are  necessary.  The 
bromides  and  iodides  should  be  ground  very  finely 
in  a glass  mortar,  and  mixed  together  ; then  add 
a little  alcohol ; stir  them  well  together  ; let  the 
mixture  settle,  and  pour  off  into  a clean  bottle, 
and  repeat  until  it  takes  up  all  it  will ; then  add 
the  ether,  a little  at  a time,  until  the  required 
amount  is  used,  shaking  well  each  time  you  add 
it ; then  filter  the  whole  into  a clean  bottle. 

Some  ferrotypers  say  they  do  not  add  the  cot- 
ton to  the  collodion  until  they  want  it  to  use, 
and  in  this  way  it  keeps  better,  and  does  not 


THE  COLLODION. 


19 


work  slower  by  being  old.  Some  brands  of  cot- 
ton thicken  more  than  others.  A little  judg- 
ment and  experience  will  regulate  that. 

NOTES. 

It  will  be  found  advantageous  to  vary  the  pro- 
portions of  the  ingredients  used  according  to  the 
season  of  the  year.  For  example,  less  ether 
should  be  used  in  warm  weather  and  more  alco- 
hol than  when  it  is  cold,  and  vice  versa. 

Less  bromide  should  be  used  in  hot  weather 
♦ than  in  cold. 

If  the  collodion  appears  glutinous,  too  much 
alcohol  has  been  used.  Kemedy, — add  more 
ether,  carefully. 

As  a general  rule  ether  and  alcohol  in  equal 
parts  is  a safe  guide. 

If  the  collodion  is  very  tender  or  dries  too 
slowly,  use  more  ether,  or  if  it  dries  too  fast,  more 
alcohol  is  required. 

As  the  chemicals  are  not  always  alike,  it  is 
simply  impossible  to  give  any  rule  for  mixing 
collodion  that  will  always  work  correctly,  and 
you  can  always  have  a chance  to  exercise  your 
judgment. 

We  generally  use  a weaker  collodion  in  summer 
than  in  the  winter.  Much  trouble  may  be  saved 
by  keeping  your  collodion  bottle  in  water  during 
hot  weather.  It  is  not  necessary  to  have  ice- 
water,  but  change  the  water  often,  and  keep  it 
up  to  the  top  of  your  bottle.  Collodion  is  a very 


20 


THE  FERROTYPER  S GUIDE. 


sensitive  solution  and  needs  careful  watching.  It 
is  in  this  that  you  may  look  for  the  cause  of  many 
of  your  failures. 

If  your  pictures  have  harsh  blacks  and  whites, 
it  indicates  a lack  of  bromide ; and  to  remedy  this 
we  would  make  some  collodion  with  3 grains  of 
bromide,  and  no  iodide.  Take  1 ounce  of  it  for 
8 ounces  of  your  old  collodion ; shake  well  to- 
gether ; let  it  settle,  or  filter,  and  it  is  ready  for 
use  again. 

But  when  there  is  too  much  bromide  the  dra- 
pery will  be  flat  and  light,  no  shadows,  and  the  ^ 
whites  will  be  muddy.  Then  more  iodide  should 
be  added.  For  this  purpose  make  some  collo- 
dion with  5 grains  of  iodide,  hut  no  bromide,  and 
add  to  your  old  collodion  enough  to  make  your 
pictures  clear  and  brilliant. 

Be  careful  to  select  the  best  sample  of  gun- 
cotton. Ilance’s  “Delicate  Cream”  is  pecu- 
liarly adapted  for  ferrotype  work. 

The  light  has  more  influence  upon  the  action 
of  collodion  in  ferrotyping  than  it  seems  to  have 
in  the  negative  process.  A weak  light  requires 
more  bromide  than  a larger  one.  So  the  collo- 
dion that  would  work  well  under  one  light  might 
not  work  at  all  well  under  some  other,  even 
though  all  the  chemicals  were  the  same. 

Sometimes  the  nature  of  the  collodion  will  be 
entirely  changed  just  by  using  a difierent  gun- 
cotton, and  only  the  same  amount. 

Some  recommend  washing  the  cotton  with 


THE  DEVELOPER. 


21 


liquor  ammonia  and  water,  then  rinsing  the  am- 
monia out  with  distilled  water ; wring  out  dry  in 
a cloth  and  spread  out  to  dry.  Others  use  dis- 
tilled water  to  rinse  the  cotton. 

We  use  the  cotton  without  washing  at  all,  and 
find  it  works  just  as  well. 

Careful  decanting  of  the  collodion  is  fully  as 
good  as  filtering  it. 

Collodion  often  slips  from  the  plate  because 
the  plates  are  dirty.  The  cleanest  plates  are 
made  by  the  Phenix  Plate  Company.  Ask  your 
dealer  for  them. 

A great  many  failures  and  stains  are  caused 
by  badly  made  apparatus. 


CHAPTEK  V. 

THE  DEVELOPER. 

As  all  photographers  know,  we  now  come  to 
that  most  delicate  operation,  the  development  of 
the  latent  image.  It  lies  dormant  within  the 
creamy  film  on  the  plate  which  we  hold  in  our 
hand,  and  it  is  for  the  manipulator  to  decide 
what  shall  be  the  character  of  the  developed 
image  ; for  although  the  formula  for  making  the 
developer  is  the  simplest  and  easiest  of  all,  it  is 
the  most  obstreperous  and  difficult  to  handle, 
because  there  are  as  many  modifications  necessary 


22 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


as  there  are  in  the  blows  of  the  artisan  in  mould- 
ing his  delicate  instruments  into  shape.  Mind, 
not  muscle,  directs  his  blows,  and  so  must  mind 
control  and  direct  the  development  of  the  pho- 
tographic image.  We  must  not  fail  to  remem- 
ber when  making  the  developing  solution  for 
ferrotypes,  that  the  effects  we  are  to  produce  are 
very  different  from  what  we  look  for  in  the  pro- 
duction of  the  negative  ; consequently  there 
must  he  considerable  variation  in  the  developer. 
The  shadows  in  a skilfully,  properly  made  ferro- 
type, should  be  clear  and  transparent,  the  lights 
pure  and  spotless,  and  withal  the  whole  should 
possess  as  much  detail  as  the  negative  is  expected 
to.  The  securing  of  these  good  qualities  is 
mainly  dependent  upon  the  developer  and  the 
development. 

The  stock  ferrotype  developer  is  made  as 
follows : 


Water, 

Protosulphate  of  Iron, 
Acetic  Acid,  . 
Alcohol,  . 


32  ounces. 
2 ‘‘ 

2 

2 


The  latter  may  be  dispensed  with  if  the  de- 
veloper flows  smoothly  without.  The  iron  is 
best  dissolved  by  placing  a bit  of  soft,  coarse 
sponge  in  a funnel ; on  this  put  the  iron  crystals 
and  pour  in  the  water.  Thus  the  iron  dissolves, 
and  the  solution  filters  at  the  same  time.  The 
proportions  given  will  be  found  to  suit  almost 


THE  DEVELOPER. 


23 


any  collodion,  variations  only  being  necessary 
generally  in  cases  of  under  or  over  exposure. 

NOTES. 

Develop  over  a large  funnel  with  a cotton  filter 
therein.  Catch  the  used  developer  in  a bottle, 
and  use  it  again. 

If  the  plate  is  overexposed  weaken  the  develop- 
ing solution  with  that  which  has  been  saved  as 
above.  If  too  short  an  exposure  has  been  made, 
strengthen  the  developer. 

As  you  go  along  carefully  note  the  changes 
which  occur,  and  soon  you  will  acquire  the  ability 
to  make  perfect  pictures  every  time,  no  matter 
what  changes  occur. 

Learn  to  apply,  withdraw,  accelerate,  check, 
or  aid,  wherever  necessity  arises,  and  to  do  it 
judiciously  and  quickly.  Study ^ watch;  be  on 
the  alert  always. 

When  the  pictures  flash  out  and  are  harsh  and 
flat  the  developer  is  too  strong,  and  in  developing 
several  on  one  plate  you  cannot  develop  them 
evenly  alike. 

When  developing  a number  of  images  on  one 
plate — no  unusual  thing,  for  some  of  the  Ameri- 
can Optical  Company’s  multiplying  boxes  enable 
you  to  make  144  on  a plate — you  can  retard 
the  further  development  of  those  which  come 
out  first  by  letting  water  flow  upon  them,  while 
the  development  of  the  rest  is  finished. 

A weak  developer  is  best,  for  it  is  most  easily 


24 


THE  FERROTYPER's  GUIDE. 


managed,  and  produces  a softer  picture.  As 
soon  as  you  observe  the  three  grades  of  color, — 
shades,  middle-tints,  and  lights,  arrest  the  action 
of  the  developer. 

By  improperly  flowing  the  developer  the  pic- 
ture may  be  easily  ruined.  If  allowed  to  strike 
the  film  with  force,  it  will  wash  the  silver  from 
the  portion  it  strikes  first,  and,  a dark,  stained 
appearance  is  sure  to  follow. 

If  the  developer  is  flowed  over  the  plate  evenly, 
the  surface  will  come  up  smooth  and  brilliant ; 
if  allowed  to  stop,  it  will  mark  your  plate  with  a 
line. 

As  a general  rule,  the  least  amount  of  developer 
used  to  flow  a plate  produces  the  best  results. 
In  some  conditions  of  the  collodion  the  best  re- 
sults are  obtained  by  flowing  the  plate,  then  by  a 
sudden  motion  throwing  off  the  greater  portion 
of  the  developer;  this  produces  a finer  deposit 
and  better  effect ; but,  as  a rule,  we  prefer  to  use 
no  more  than  is  necessary  to  flow  the  plate,  and 
retain  it  until  the  picture  is  fully  developed. 

It  is  very  important  to  know  when  the  picture 
is  fully  developed.  It  requires  a keen  and  well- 
trained  eye  to  decide  this  every  time ; here  lies 
the  secret  of  success.  If  the  picture  is  properly 
developed  it  has  a brilliant,  round,  and  vigorous 
appearance  ; but  if  not  sufficiently  developed,  it 
is  dull  and  smoky ; if  allowed  to  go  too  far,  it 
becomes  weak  and  flat. 

A clean,  smooth  surface  plate  conduces  greatly 


THE  FIXING  SOLUTION. 


25 


to  successful  development.  Such  are  the  varied 
brands,  eggshell  and  glossy,  black  and  chocolate- 
tinted,  made  by  the  Phenix  Plate  Company. 

Many  stains  and  streaks  are  attributed  to  the 
developer,  while  the  real  cause  is  badly  made 
camera-boxes. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

THE  FIXING  SOLUTION. 

Hyposulphite  of  soda  is  found  to  be  entirely 
unfit  for  the  fixing  of  ferrotypes,  and  our  only 
resource  is  cyanide  of  potassium.  As  we  all 
know,  it  is  a deadly  poison,  and  extreme  care  is 
necessary  in  its  use. 

It  gives  the  picture  a clearness  and  that  desir- 
able degree  of  brilliancy  which  we  cannot  get 
with  soda.  It  should  be  used  so  as  to  get  as 
little  of  the  fumes  in  the  dark-room  as  possible. 
The  following  we  believe  to  be  the  best  plan  to 
use  it.  Provide  a 11  x 14  glass  bath.  Fill  this 
with  a solution  of  cyanide,  and,  with  a dipper 
to  lay  the  plate  on,  immerse  the  plate  in  the  cyan- 
ide bath,  the  same  as  you  would  in  the  silver  bath. 
After  it  has  remained  a sufficient  time  to  fix,  draw 
it  out,  and  if  not  entirely  fixed,  return  it  to  the 
bath  until  it  is  quite  fixed;  then  draw  it  out, 
take  it  by  one  corner,  and  lay  it  on  the  washer 
to  wash.  You  thus  protect  your  hands  from  the 


26 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


cyanide,  and  the  fumes  will  not  pass  off  so  rap- 
idly as  when  a flat  dish  is  used.  This  bath  can 
set  in  your  wash-tank,  and  as  far  from  you  as 
possible. 

By  a washer  we  mean  a block  of  wood,  say  six 
or  eight  inches  square  (standing  under  the  tap), 
over  which  several  thicknesses  of  clean  muslin 
are  fastened,  forming  a soft  cushion  on  the  top 
of  the  block. 


NOTE. 

Be  careful  not  to  make  your  solution  of  cyanide 
too  strong.  If  too  strong  it  will  attack  the  film 
and  destroy  it. 

Some  ferrotypers  who  study  economy  almost 
too  closely  are  often  in  a fix  because  they  use 
“ cheap  and  nasty  ” plates.  The  Phenix  ferro- 
type plates  clear  up  ” all  such  troubles. 

Sometimes,  owing  to  the  bad  construction  of 
the  camera-box  the  plate  becomes  so  fixed  in  the 
dark-slide  that  it  cannot  be  gotten  out  after  ex- 
posure without  destroying  it.  This  never  occurs 
with  the  American  Optical  Company’s  camera- 
boxes. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

OTHER  MANIPULATIONS. 

Pinholes, — In  former  years  one  of  the  great 
trials  of  the  ferrotyper  was  the  readiness  with 


OTHER  MANIPULATIONS. 


27 


which  small  particles  of  matter  floating  in  the 
bath  solution  would  adhere  to  the  film  while  the 
plate  was  being  sensitized.  Little  particles  that 
would  allow  a negative  to  pass  in  and  out  of  the 
bath  unharmed  would  seem  to  have  a peculiar 
afiection  for  or  spite  against  ferrotype  plates,  and 
like  barnacles  attach  themselves  to  the  film,  and 
thus  cause  that  bane  of  photography,  pinholes. 
Lately,  however,  ferrotypers  have  practiced  dip- 
ping their  plates  film  side  in,  or,  in  other  words, 
towards  the  operator.  This  is  accomplished  in 
two  ways : 

A. 

Ke verse  the  dipper  and  put  the  plate  under  the 
dipper,  collodion  side  down.  Of  course  the  dip- 
per will  be  on  the  back  of  the  plate,  and  the  plate 
will  sit  in  the  prongs  of  the  dipper  the  same  as 
usual,  only  the  whole  thing  is  reversed  when  put 
into  the  bath.  Now,  holding  the  plate  with 
thumb  and  finger,  you  carry  it  down  steadily 
until  the  plate  is  below  the  top  of  your  bath-dish, 
and  then  let  go  of  it.  The  plate  will  fall  against 
the  bath-dish  and  the  dirt  will  fall  on  the  back, 
as  the  film  is  underneath.  There  is  no  danger 
of  scratching  the  plate  after  you  once  get  the 
hang  of  handling  it,  and  you  are  always  sure  of 
having  a perfectly  clean  plate  when  it  is  dipped 
in  this  way. 

When  you  draw  the  plate  out,  put  the  fore- 
finger of  your  left  hand  on  the  bath  near  the 


28 


THE  FERROTYPER's  GUIDE. 


dipper,  draw  up  the  dipper  with  the  right  hand ; 
when  the  plate  touches  your  finger,  press  it  back 
from  the  bath-dish  and  take  it  out  with  the 
thumb  and  forefinger ; drain  well,  then  put  it  in 
the  shield. 


B. 

Take  a rubber  dipper,  heat  it  over  a gas  fiame 
or  a spirit-lamp  until  it  is  softened,  then  spring 
it  at  the  prongs,  and  far  enough  up  the  dipper  to 
cause  your  plate  to  rest  against  the  dipper  at 
both  edges  and  not  touch  anywhere  else.  Now 
you  can  dip  your  plate  by  turning  the  collo- 
dion film  towards  the  dipper.  This  last  is  the 
best  way,  as  there  is  no  danger  of  abrading  the 
film. 

Strengthening, — Very  often  a plate  is  properly 
exposed,  and  afterwards  overdeveloped,  thus 
causing  it  to  be  fiat  and  weak.  Such  pictures 
can  be  saved  by  strengthening  them  with  cyanide 
and  iodine. 

Make  a solution  of  cyanide  about  the  usual 
strength  for  fixing  pictures  and  add  a few  drops 
of  iodine.  This  will  cause  the  solution  to  work 
quicker  and  reduce  the  silver  on  the  picture. 
The  shadows  will  come  up,  and  a much  better 
effect  is  secured  than  when  it  is  strengthened  up 
with  strong  cyanide  alone.  If  too  much  iodine 
is  used  it  will  work  too  rapidly  and  will  spoil  the 
picture  by  cutting  it  out  faster  in  one  portion 
than  in  the  other.  But  if  used  of  the  proper 


OTHER  MANIPULATIONS. 


29 


strength,  you  can  manipulate  it  just  as  you 
please.  Many  times  in  grouping,  one  face  is  too 
light,  while  the  others  are  just  right.  Drop  a 
drop  of  this  solution  on  any  portion  of  the  face, 
and  thus  bring  that  portion  up  the  fastest.  For 
example,  you  make  a child’s  picture,  standing, 
with  a black  velvet  suit.  The  drapery  is  just 
right,  but  the  face  is  overdone.  Drop  a drop  at 
a time  of  this  solution  on  the  lightest  portion  of 
the  face.  When  it  spreads  to  such  portions  as 
are  dark  enough,  wash  the  picture,  then  try  the 
same  thing  over  again.  In  this  way  a beautiful 
picture  is  obtainable. 

A weak  solution  is  preferable.  Its  effect  is 
slow,  and  you  can  watch  the  action  and  prevent 
its  going  too  far  in  some  portions  by  letting  water 
on  those  parts  and  waiting  for  the  other  parts  to 
come  up.  In  allowing  water  to  flow  on  some 
portions,  you  will  mark  your  plate  if  you  are  not 
very  careM.  It  is  best  to  rinse  the  plate  well, 
and  then  drop  a few  drops  of  the  solution  on  the 
part  that  is  too  light.  This  will  spread  gradu- 
ally, and  will  not  make  a decided  line.  In  large 
pictures  it  can  be  handled  very  nicely.  You  can 
bring  up  any  portion  of  the  face  or  drapery  by 
just  dropping  the  solution  on  the  lightest  por- 
tions, and  when  it  spreads  too  far,  wash  it  ofl*  as 
directed.  With  care  you  may  save  many  pic- 
tures that  otherwise  would  be  worthless.  Many 
times  we  make  sittings  when  the  sitter  cannot 
spend  time  to  sit  again,  and  if  the  pictures  hap- 


30 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


pen  to  get  developed  too  far,  they  can  be  saved 
by  strengthening  them  as  directed  above. 

Faults  and  Failures, — Very  much  the  same 
annoyances  that  beset  the  negative  maker,  such 
as  fog,  streaks,  stains,  markings,  crapy  lines, 
&c.,  also  pester  the  ferrotyper,  and  as  full  instruc- 
tions for  meeting  such  drawbacks  are  familiar  to 
all  manipulators,  we  will  proceed  with  the  next 
topic. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

TINTING  AND  COLORING. 

After  the  plate  has  been  developed,  washed 
thoroughly,  and  dried  either  spontaneously  or  by 
heat,  the  cheeks  may  be  delicately  tinted,  and 
parts  of  the  drapery  colored,  if  the  parties  so 
desire.  This  should  be  done,  of  course,  before 
varnishing.  Scovill’s  dry  colors  are  usually  used 
for  this  purpose.  For  the  cheeks  and  lips  a mix- 
ture of  carmine  and  flesh  color  is  used. 

Several  very  fine  soft  brushes  are  required  for 
coloring ; a large  one  to  brush  off  any  light  sub- 
stance that  may  fall  upon  the  plate,  a medium 
sized  one  to  apply  the  color,  and  one  to  blend 
the  color. 

A very  fine  brush  for  applying  the  color  is 
more  apt  to  scratch  the  coating  than  a larger 
one. 


VARNISHING. 


31 


When  coloring  the  cheeks,  put  the  color  nearly 
upon  the  cheekbone,  then  with  the  blending 
brush  begin  in  the  centre  and  blend  it  out  to  a 
faint  tint,  so  faint  that  you  cannot  tell  where  the 
color  stops,  then  it  will  look  natural. 

Be  careful  and  not  overcolor  a picture,  other- 
wise the  beauty  of  a very  fine  picture  is  entirely 
destroyed. 

If  one  side  of  the  face  is  dark,  do  not  color  that 
side  at  all. 

Do  not  color  your  pictures  when  they  are  hot. 
It  will  spoil  your  brushes. 

If  you  wish  to  remove  color  from  any  portion 
of  the  face,  touch  the  brush  first  to  your  own 
flesh.  The  moisture  taken  from  your  skin  will 
cause  the  paint  to  adhere  to  the  brush,  and  you 
can  easily  remove  any  portion  without  scratching 
the  film.  A brush  should  be  kept  for  this  pur- 
pose. 

In  coloring  the  lips,  place  the  color  first  where 
the  deepest  tint  is  needed.  The  manner  of  col- 
oring the  drapery  will  suggest  itself  to  any  taste- 
ful ferrotyper. 


CHAPTER  IX. 

VARNISHING. 


The  next  step  is  to  varnish  the  picture  care- 
fully and  nicely.  Many  prefer  to  make  their 


32 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


own  varnish,  although  the  dealers  supply  a good 
article.  The  following  is  an  excellent  method : 

Take  one  pound  of  white  shellac,  very  old,  if 
you  can  get  it — the  older  the  better  ; break  it  up 
fine  enough  to  drop  into  a bottle,  add  one  gallon 
of  ninety-five  per  cent,  alcohol,  shake  occasion- 
ally ; if  the  gum  has  age  enough  to  have  a honey- 
comb appearance  when  broken  up,  it  will  dis- 
solve without  any  trouble,  and  will  settle  off 
clear.  If  you  cannot  get  old  gum,  take  new,  put 
it  into  a tin  can,  add  the  alcohol,  shake  often 
until  the  gum  softens ; then  put  the  can  into  a 
kettle  of  warm  water,  keep  it  at  a temperature  a 
little  below  the  boiling-point,  take  it  out  and 
shake  it  occasionally ; then  set  it  back,  and  in  a 
little  while  it  will  all  dissolve  and  settle  off  per- 
fectly clear.  When  clear,  filter,  and  add  about 
two  ounces  liquor  ammonia  and  two  ounces  oil 
of  lavender.  The  ammonia  evaporates  so  freely 
it  will  be  necessary  to  drop  a few  drops  from 
time  to  time  into  the  bottle  you  are  using  from. 

It  is  an  excellent  plan  to  have  two  bottles  for 
the  varnish.  One  for  pouring  it  on  tha  plate ; the 
other  to  keep  a small  funnel  standing  in,  with 
filtering-paper,  and  drain  the  varnish  from  the 
plate  into  the  filter.  This  filters  through  into 
the  bottle ; if  allowed  to  drain  back  into  the 
bottle  poured  from,  you  flow  your  plate  with 
the  dust  that  naturally  collects  on  your  plate 
before  it  gets  dry,  and  the  color  you  use  to  tint 
your  cheeks  will  soon  fill  your  varnish  full  of 


VARNISHING. 


33 


dirt.  In  the  other  way  it  is  kept  constantly 
clean. 

When  your  varnish  becomes  thick,  add  alcohol 
sufficient  to  make  it  the  proper  consistency. 

Many  ferrotypers  pour  their  varnish  direct 
from  the  bottle,  and  after  flowing  the  plate  pour 
the  residue  back  into  the  bottle.  This  is  good 
enough  so  far  as  coating  is  concerned,  but  it  is 
bad  to  pour  back  into  the  bottle,  for  much  dust 
and  dirt  are  thus  carried  back  into  the  stock. 
To  avoid  this  the  following  ingenious  little  dodge 
is  practiced : 

A is  a toy  teapot,  C is  a small  tin  funnel,  made 
to  fit  neatly  in  the  top  of  the  teapot,  B is  a strip 
of  tin,  covering  about  half  of  the  top  of  the  fun- 
nel. In  using,  pour  from  the  spout,  and  drain 


the  plate  into  the  funnel  in  which  some  cotton 
has  been  placed. 

After  varnishing  the  plate,  the  drying  follows. 
Of  course,  a metallic  plate  held  in  the  heat  soon 
becomes  too  hot  to  be  held  in  the  fingers,  so  a 
dryer  must  be  provided.  The  form  shown  in  the 
3 


34 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


cut  below  is  generally  used,  and  may  be  made  to 
fit  over  a gas,  coal,  or  oil  stove  or  burner.  In 
America  the  little  coal-oil  stove  is  usually  used. 
The  dryer  proper  is  made  of  sheet  iron,  of  the 
form  shown  in  the  drawing.  The  black  dots 
along  the  margin  of  the  top  are  holes  for  the 
purpose  of  creating  a draft,  thereby  preventing 
smoking  of  the  lamps.  The  cost  of  making  it  is 


very  slight.  The  line  along  the  lower  margin  of 
the  top  is  a strip  to  rest  the  plates  upon  while  dry- 
ing. By  noticing  the  end  view  you  will  see  the 
form  of  the  strips.  The  bottom  of  the  dryer  is 
12  by  14  inches,  and  the  height  is  14  inches. 
Strips  to  be  about  1^  or  2 inches  from  the  bottom. 


VARNISHING. 


35 


Where  a large  business  is  done,  of  course  more 
than  one  of  these  will  be  needed. 

For  the  spontaneous  drying  of  the  plates  after 
washing,  and  for  resting  them  upon  after  var- 
nishing previous  to  mounting,  the  Scovill  Manu- 
facturing Company,  New  York,  make  a very  con- 
venient little  rack,  shown  by  the  drawing  below. 
Every  ferrotyper  ought  to  have  them  standing 


about  wherever  he  has  to  handle  plates.  Thou- 
sands of  pictures  will  be  saved  if  these  racks  are 
used,  for  a plate  is  much  safer  resting  in  one  of 
them  than  anywhere  else.  They  are  about  a foot 
long,  strong  and  durable,  and  made  to  fold  up, 
so  as  to  be  laid  away  and  kept  clean  when  not  in 
use.  They  are  exceedingly  convenient. 


36 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


CHAPTER  X. 

FINISHING  THE  WORK. 

Now,  having  the  work  all  carefully  and  neatly 
made  and  varnished,  how  shall  it  be  finished  so 
as  to  make  it  most  presentable  to  the  customer, 
please  him  best,  and  bring  the  operator  the  most 
money  ? A great  variety  of  ‘‘  trimmings,”  so  to 
speak,  are  made  for  the  ferrotype.  First,  we 
have  the  well-known  brass  mat  and  preserver  ; 
next,  the  ferrotype  mount  so  called — a card  with 
an  opening  in  the  centre  (with  embossing  around 
the  opening)  to  which  the  ferrotype  plate  is 
fastened  by  ‘‘sticking  paper;”  then  the  ferro- 
type slip,  which  is  a mount  described  as  above, 
pasted  at  three  edges  to  a piece  of  tinted  paper 
which  folds  over : the  ferrotypes  are  slipped  into 
these,  envelope  fashion ; next,  and  most  used, 
come  what  are  called  the  Philadelphia  Carte 
Envelope,  which  are  made  with  gilt  and  embossed 
openings  of  various  shapes,  with  a side  or  top 
flap  to  cover  the  picture,  as  shown  in  the  draw- 
ing on  p.  37. 

All  of  these  are  manufactured  and  sold  largely 
by  the  Scovill  Manufacturing  Company,  who  are 
also  manufacturers  of  the  celebrated  “Union 
Goods,”  such  as  cases,  trays,  and  frames  of  most 
beautiful  and  elaborate  patterns  in  great  variety, 
all  of  which  are  adapted  to  the  ferrotype,  large 
and  small. 


FINISHING  THE  WORK. 


37 


The  larger  sizes  of  ferrotypes  are  put  in  mats 
and  framed  in  various  ways,  according  to  the 
taste  and  the  stock  of  the  enterprising  dealer. 


In  America  a great  many  are  finished  in  a mat 
and  stood  upon  the  mantel  or  centre  table  by 
means  of  Scovill’s  Card  Supports. 

The  cuts  on  p.  38  represent  this  useful  con- 
trivance. Ferrotypers  desiring  to  stand  ferro- 
types in  their  show  cases  and  windows  tempo- 
rarily, not  wishing  to  frame  them,  will  also  find 
this  support  desirable;  and  it  is  a wonder  so 
simple  a thing  should  not  have  been  introduced 
long  before.  It  is  made  of  stout  brass  wire — 
fire-gilt,  so  as  not  to  tarnish  — bent  as  shown 


38 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


below,  and  its  use  will  also  be  understood  by  the 
cuts.  It  is  a capital  little  article,  and  supplied  by 
all  dealers  at  a very  low  rate,  so  that  you  can  use 
them  profusely  at  very  little  cost,  or  sell  them. 


Some  photographers  present  one  with  every 
lot  of  cartes  they  make,  and  find  the  customers 


buy  six  times  as  many  more.  Its  uses  are  made 
apparent  by  the  cut.  Will  serve  for  cards, 
cabinets,  and  even  whole  size. 


FERROTYPE  PLATES. 


39 


For  business  purposes,  many  ferrotypes  of 
machinery,  merchandise,  &c.,  are  made.  Not 
desiring  to  go  to  the  expense  of  frames,  McGill’s 
Suspending  Hand-ring  becomes  useful. 


You  will  understand  their  use  as  soon  as  you 
observe  the  cut. 

After  finishing  your  pictures  neatly  in  some 
of  these  various  ways,  the  next  operation  is  to 
obtain  a good,  remunerative  price  for  them. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

FERROTYPE  PLATES. 

The  great  essential  in  the  production  of  first- 
class  ferrotypes  is  a first-class  ferrotype  plate. 
Many  have  tried  to  produce  such  an  article,  but 
after  a few  spasmodic  successes  have  been  com- 
pelled to  give  way  to  failure.  Towering  above  all 
such,  resting  upon  their  ashes,  rises  the  Phenix 
Plate  Company,  for  which  the  Scovill  Manu- 


40 


THE  FERROTYPER  S GUIDE. 


facturing  Company  are  agents.  This  Company 
now  manufactures  nearly  all  the  ferrotype  plates 
in  the  market. 

Mr.  A.  K.  P.  Trask,  author  of  the  Practical 
Ferrotyper^  says  of  the  Phenix  plates,  after  di- 
lating considerably  on  the  trials  he  has  had  with 
other  plates,  also  embellishing  his  work  with  a 
large  picture  on  Phenix  plates  : “The  pictures 
were  made  on  the  eggshell  chocolate-tinted  plates 
manufactured  by  the  Phenix  Plate  Company, 
and  I must  compliment  them  on  their  success  in 
manufacturing  the  best  eggshell,  chocolate-tinted 
plates  I have  ever  used.  They  have  overcome 
all  the  objections  I have  heretofore  found.  There 
are  no  signs  of  the  black  comet.  The  plates  are 
perfectly  clean,  the  surface  is  hard,  and  the  collo- 
dion flows  smoothly,  without  spilling.  They  also 
give  the  picture  that  rich,  warm  tone  which  can- 
not be  had  with  the  black  plate.  I cannot  help 
congratulating  the  ferrotype  world  on  the  suc- 
cessful manufacture  of  this  valuable  plate,  as  it 
will  create  a new  era  in  the  ferrotype  business, 
and  the  Phenix  Ferrotype  Plate  Company  are 
entitled  to  great  credit.  I have  not  spoiled  one 
picture  in  a whole  day’s  work  on  account  of  im- 
perfections in  the  plates.  This  is  a great  saving 
of  time  and  material.” 

Mr.  E.  M.  Estabrooke,  of  New  York,  another 
eminent  ferrotyper,  and  author  of  an  elaborate 
work  on  the  ferrotype,  called  The  Ferrotype^  and 
How  to  Make  It,  also  compliments  these  plates 


FERROTYPE  PLATES. 


41 


by  making  the  beautiful  picture  in  his  book  on 
them,  and  writes  the  following  letter  : 

Estabrooke’s  Gallery, 

No.  31  Union  Square,  N.  Y., 

November  15th,  1872. 

ScoviLL  Manufacturing  Company. 

Gents  : In  answer  to  your  inquiry  as  to  the  qual- 
ity of  the  Phenix  Plate  Company’s  Ferrotype  Plates, 
I have  to  say  that  in  my  book,  The  Ferrotype  and 
How  to  Make  It^  I have,  in  discussing  the  qualities 
of  the  different  manufacturers,  given  the  plates  of 
which  you  are  the  selling  agents  the  preference,  with 
my  reasons  therefor.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  the 
book  will  soon  be  published,  and  it  is  expected  will 
quickly  be  in  the  hands  of  every  ferrotypist  in  the 
country,  it  is  unnecessary,  in  my  opinion,  that  I 
should  repeat  the  language  there  used ; but,  instead, 
you  will  find  inclosed  an  expression  of  the  opinion 
of  my  operators,  through  whose  hands  all  plates  pass, 
as  to  the  quality  of  the  Phenix  Plates,  merely  adding, 
in  proof  of  the  intelligence  of  the  opinion,  that  we 
are  perfectly  familiar  with  all  qualities  and  manufac- 
turers of  ferrotype  plates. 

Yours  very  respectfully, 

E.  M.  Estabrooke. 

Messrs.  Bacon  and  Heighway,  Mr.  Esta- 
brooke’s assistants,  also  write  as  follows: 

Estabrooke’s  Gallery, 

No.  31  Union  Square,  N.  Y., 

November  loth,  1872. 

ScoviLL  Manufacturing  Company. 

Gentlemen:  The  two  thousand  non-reversed  fer- 


42 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


retypes  made  in  this  gallery  on  the  Phenix  Com- 
pany's Chocolate-Tinted,  Eggshell  Plates,  for  Mr. 
Estabrooke’s  book  on  Ferrotypes,  were  made  in 
three  weeks,  at  the  rate  of  over  one  hundred  a day, 
in  addition  to  our  regular  business;  and  we  desire  to 
testify  to  the  excellent  quality  of  the  plates  by  stat- 
ing as  a fact  that,  of  the  five  hundred  plates  coated 
and  exposed,  not  one  plate  was  lost  from  defective 
surface. 

On  examination  of  the  pictures  it  will  be  seen, 
from  the  brilliancy  of  their  tone,  how  little  the  col- 
lodion afiected  the  varnished  surface,  which  received 
the  collodion  freely,  showing  that  the  hardening  of 
the  surface  had  been  carried  to  the  point  of  perfec- 
tion, thus  insuring  hardness  with  sufficient  elasticity 
to  prevent  cracking. 

We  are,  gentlemen,  very  truly  yours, 

Frank  Bacon, 

Principal  Operator. 

W.  Heighway, 

Assistant  Operator. 


With  such  recommendations  we  hardly  think 
the  reader  will  go  astray  in  the  purchase  of 
plates.  In  the  article  of  plates,  most  assuredly, 
‘‘the  best  are  the  cheapest.”  The  Phenix  Plate 
Company  manufacture  two  grades  of  plates ; one 
called  “ glossy, ” and  the  other  “eggshell. ” The 
former  is  a heavier  plate  than  the  other,  is  extra 
varnished  and  baked,  and  has  a very  smooth 
surface.  The  ‘ ‘ eggshell  ” plates  are  thinner,  and 
not  so  smooth  a surface  as  the  other,  yet  many 


THE  APPARATUS. 


43 


prefer  them.  The  two  kinds  are  obtainable,  and 
all  parties  may  try  them  and  choose.  The  fol- 
lowing sizes  are  made  of  both  grades : 

4^x6^,  4^x10,  J,  5x7,  7x10,  8x10,  10x14. 

These  are  all  supplied  in  strong,  neatly  labelled 
paper  boxes  (except  the  10x14  size,  which  are  in 
wooden  boxes),  and  none  are  genuine  without  the 
trade-mark  of  the  Phenix  Plate  Company  on  the 
box. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

THE  APPARATUS. 

Of  course  ferrotypes  may  be  made  with  the 
ordinary  camera-box  and  lens  singly,  but  where 
a business  of  any  extent  is  carried  on  a “multi- 
plying” or  “gem”  camera  is  indispensable,  for 
by  their  use  from  four  to  one  hundred  pictures 
may  be  made  in  almost  the  same  time  required 
for  a single  exposure.  At  the  American  Optical 
Company’s  Works,  New  York,  the  largest  num- 
ber of  these  cameras  used  are  made,  because  they 
make  the  most  exact  and  carefully  planned  boxes 
in  the  world.  Several  varieties  are  made  espe- 
cially for  ferrotype  work. 

The  cut  on  p.  44  represents  their  4-tube  Gem 
Box,  which  is  as  complete  and  useful  a piece  of 
apparatus  as  can  be  condensed  in  the  amount  of 
space  it  occupies.  It  is  perfect  in  all  its  parts, 


44 


THE  FERROTYPERS  GUIDE. 


accurate,  and  guaranteed  to  work  satisfactorily 
the  first  time  a plate  is  exposed  in  it.  It  has  all 


the  little  contrivances  applied  to  it  necessary  to 
make  it  perfect. 

The  following  variety  is  made  : 

No.  8. — Gem  Box  for  twelve  pictures  on  a J plate 
using  twelve  tubes ; ^ to  J sizes  reversible,  using  one 
tube;  and  two  cards  on  a J plate  using  two  tubes. 

No.  9. — The  same  box  fitted  with  twelve  tubes. 

No.  10. — The  same  box  fitted  with  four  additional 
tubes  for  making  four  pictures  on  a J plate. 

No.  11. — For  4,  8,  12,  and  16,  on  a | plate;  J to 
J reversible,  and  two  cards  on  a ^ plate. 

No.  12. — The  above  fitted  with  four  Darlot  Tubes 
(see  cut  above). 

No.  13. — Card  Camera-Box  for  two  cards  on  a J 
plate  using  one  tube,  and  ^ to  ^ pictures  reversible. 
(The  “Chicago  Box.^') 

No.  14. — I Card  Camera-Box,  covered  front,  for 


THE  APPARATUS. 


45 


four  cards,  using  four  tubes,  with  side  doors  for  ad- 
justing the  focus. 

No.  15. — 9x11  Card  Camera-Box,  covered  front, 
for  eight  cards,  using  four  tubes,  with  side  doors  for 
adjusting  the  focus;  sideway  movement. 

No.  16. — I Card  Camera-Box  for  four  cards  using 
two  tubes;  upright  movement. 

No.  17. — I Universal  Camera-Box  for  four  cards 
using  two  tubes,  and  ^ to  | pictures,  reversible,  using 
one  tube;  sideway  movement. 

No.  18. — J Universal  Camera-Box  for  four  cards 
using  two  tubes,  and  ^ to  | pictures,  reversible,  using 
one  tube ; sideway  carriage  movement. 

No.  19. — 8 X 10  Universal  Camera-Box  for  four 
cards,  on  a | plate  using  two  tubes,  and  ^ to  pic- 
tures, reversible,  using  one  tube;  upright  movement. 

No.  20. — 8 X 10  Universal  Camera-Box  for  four 
cards,  on  a | plate  using  two  tubes,  and  J to  pic- 
tures, reversible,  using  one  tube ; side  way  movement. 

Card  Camera-Boxes  fitted  with  the  double  card 
attachment,  for  making  two  difierent  pictures  in 
different  positions  of  the  same  subject  on  the  same 
card,  charged  additional. 

The  gem  of  all  Gem  Boxes,  however,  is  the 
American  Optical  Company’s  8x10  combination 
multiplying  box,  which  is  represented  by  the 
double  figure  on  p.  46.  One  view  shows  the  rear, 
and  the*  other  the  front  of  the  box.  Its  regula- 
tion and  movements  hardly  need  to  be  described 
if  the  drawings  are  carefully  examined.  It  is 
supplied  with  nine  gem  tubes ; with  sliding  move- 


46 


THE  FERROTYPER  8 GUIDE, 


American  Optical  Company’s  8x10  Combination  Multiplying  Camera-Box. 


THE  APPARATUS. 


47 


ments,  vertical  and  horizontal;  with  assorted 
diaphragms,  catches,  scales,  and  so  ^n,  simple 
in  their  nature,  yet  working  like  an  automaton, 
which^  combined,  make  one  of  the  most  perfect 
and  desirable  of  boxes.  This  box  is  No.  25,  and 
will  make  eighteen,  thirty-six,  or  seventy-two 
gems  on  a 7 X 10  plate ; nine  gems  on  a 5 x 7 plate ; * 
eight  I size  cards  on  a 7x10  plate,  using  two  1 
or  ^ lenses ; eight  cards,  using  one  lens  for  copy- 
ing, on  a 7x10  plate;  four  small  Imperials  or 
four  Victoria  cards  on  a 7x10  plate,  using  a J 
lens;  two  large  | size,  on  a 7x10  plate,  using  a 
I lens ; regular  work  from  ^ to  8x10  inclusive. 


When  arranged  so  as  to  take  eight  cards  with 
four  lenses  it  requires  another  diaphragm. 

The  holders  contain  two  sets  of  kits  for  fer- 


48 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


retypes  and  negatives.  The  latter  with  glass 
corners.  < 

The  introduction  of  the  beautiful  new  size 
called  in  America  ‘‘Victoria,”  in  Prussia  the 
“Format,”  and  in  Austria  the  “Elizabeth,” 
made  it  necessary  to  bring  forward  another  box 
still,  to  accommodate  it.  It  works  a 5 x 7 plate, 
and  makes  four  cartes  de  visite,  using  four  ^ tubes, 
on  a 5 X 7 plate ; and  by  reversing  the  four  lenses 
it  will  make  eight  “ Bon-tons,”  on  a 5 x 7 plate. 
It  also  makes  all  regular  sizes,  using  four  I tubes, 
from  ^ size  to  Four  i lenses  only,  accom- 
pany the  box. 

The  figure  on  p.  47  represents  it.  It  is  a charm- 
ing piece  of  apparatus,  and  works  admirably. 
A novelty  we  have  introduced  with  it  is  the 
catch,  which  keeps  the  carriage  movement  in 
place  when  the  box  is  used  as  a multiplier.  It 
is  a great  improvement  on  the  old  contrivance. 

The  front  block  separates  according  to  the  size 
required. 

The  styles  are,  viz. : 

No.  21. — V^ictoria  Card  Box,  with  four  J tubes  only. 

21a. — New  style,  using  two  J size  tubes  only. 

The  Imperial  Card  or  Cabinet  box  is  one  of  the 
most  useful  and  acceptable  that  has  been  intro- 
duced, and  it  has  probably  done  more  towards 
the  production  of  the  new  imperial  or  cabinet 
size  of  excellent  quality  than  is  generally  accred- 
ited to  it.  The  reason  of  this  is,  that  the  manu- 


THE  APPARATUS. 


49 


facturers  have  allowed  no  pains  to  be  spared  in 
their  works  to  make  it  answer  all  the  require- 
ments that  could  be  made  of  it  exactly^  and  to 
make  it  perfect  in  all  its  parts.  At  first  sight 


we  have  seen  the  photographer  stand  back  as  if 
he  thought  it  was  complicated,  but,  as  all  quickly 
find  out,  it  is  not  so  in  the  least.  On  the  con- 
trary, its  motions  are  so  simple  and  easy  that 
any  one  can  make  it  work  without  trouble. 

The  drawing  we  annex  shows  it  well  in  all  its 
beautiful  proportions.  It  is  provided  with  the 
India-rubber  bellows,  the  double  swingback,  the 
swinging  ground-glass,  the  patent  focussing 
screw,  the  metal  guides  on  the  platform,  the 
silver-saving  bottle,  and  latest  and  last,  the  m- 
4 


60 


THE  FERROTYPER's  GUIDE. 


proved  solid  glass  corners.  The  frame  which 
carries  the  holder  has  a horizontal  carriage- 
movement,  which,  with  the  internal  diaphragms 
provided,  enables  the  operator  to  make  with  this 
box  the  following  sizes  and  styles : 

Two  imperials  on  an  8 x 10  plate,  using  a J 
lens ; two  cards  on  a 4^  x6|^  plate,  using  a ^ lens  ; 
four  cards  on  a | plate,  using  two  ^ lenses; 
regular  work  J to  10  x 12,  inclusive. 

The  imperial  card  box  is  made  as  follows : 

No.  22. — I Imperial  Card  Box,  Double  Swingback. 
“ 23.-8x10  “ “ “ 

24.— 10  X 12  “ “ “ 

“ 25. — 8 X 10  c/ombination  Box,  without  tubes. 

It  makes  two  imperials  on  a | plate,  using  one 
I lens  ; two  cards  on  a 4^  x plate,  using  one  ^ 
size  lens ; four  cards  on  a | plate,  using  two  ^ 
size  lenses  ; regular  work  down  to  ^ inclusive. 

The  American  Optical  Company’s  apparatus 
is  now  used  in  almost  every  gallery  in  America. 
Tlie  boxes  described  are  for  ferrotypes  or  photo- 
graphs. 


CHAPTEE  XIII. 

THE  SKYLIGHT  AND  THE  DARK-ROOM. 

Without  wishing  to  rob  Mr.  Elbert  Ander- 
son or  his  most  excellent  work  of  any  glory,  we 


THE  SKYLIGHT  AND  THE  DARK-ROOM.  51 


must  have  a few  passing  words  on  the  subject  of 
‘ ‘ The  Skylight  and  the  Dark-room . ’ ’ Such  elabo- 
rate and  plain  instructions  are  given  on  this  sub- 
ject by  Mr.  Anderson  and  other  authors  that  it 
will  not  be  necessary  for  us  to  repeat  their  in- 
structions here.  Neither  need  we  touch  upon 
the  aesthetics  of  the  art  of  ferrotyping.  Bead 
carefully  the  standard  works  upon  these  subjects, 
and  they  will  inform  you  fully.  The  same  in- 
structions which  apply  to  photography  apply  to 
ferrotypy. 

A quick  light  is  best  for  ferrotypes,  so  that  the 
exposure  may  not  be  too  long ; and^  a diffused 
rather  than  a direct  light  is  preferable. 

Many  photographers  who  understand  per- 
fectly well  how  to  make  good  negatives  fail  in 
making  ferrotypes,  simply  because  they  do  not 
understand  what  a different  illumination  the  two 
pictures  require. 

A ferrotype  requires  double  the  amount  of 
brilliant  light  that  is  used  for  a good  negative ; 
a light  that  would  make  a negative  to  produce 
soft,  brilliant  prints,  would  make  a dull  smoky 
ferrotype. 

Another  very  important  point  in  making  fer- 
rotypes is  the  time  of  exposure,  and  nothing  but 
experience,  and  a good  deal  of  it  too,  can  teach 
that  one  thing,  for  it  is  entirely  governed  by  the 
strength  of  light. 

When  the  light  is  properly  arranged  we  ex- 
pose the  plate  eight  seconds,  but  if  the  day  is 


62 


THE  FEPwROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


cloudy  or  the  light  weak  more  time  is  required, 
of  course. 

It  is  very  necessary,  where  there  is  more  than 
one  exposure  on  a plate,  to  have  the  time  exactly 
the  same,  or  they  will  not  develop  evenly. 

Three  exposures  on  one  plate  have  been  made 
with  this  difference  in  time : three  seconds,  twenty 
seconds,  and  sixty  seconds,  and  had  them  all  de- 
velop evenl}^,  but  the  light  changed  very  much 
heavy  clouds  passing  over  the  sun. 

When  pictures  are  over-exposed,  they  flash  out 
quickly.  If  you  shorten  the  development,  they 
will  he  gray  and  lack  brilliancy. 

If  undertimed,  they  are  harsh,  with  strong 
contrast,  the  whites  very  white,  and  the  blacks 
very  black — no  middle  tints. 

When  properly  exposed,  they  will  be  round, 
full  of  detail  in  the  hair,  drapery,  and  shadows, 
and  the  face  will  be  full  of  modulation. 

It  is  not  possible  to  tell  when  the  picture  is 
properly  exposed,  only  by  watching  the  develop- 
ment. If  the  image  comes  out  immediately  after 
the  flowing  of  your  developer,  and  comes  up  reg- 
ular, strong,  and  vigorous,  full  of  detail,  then 
you  have  your  exposure  right. 

When  you  are  working  quickly  and  exposing 
six  or  eight  seconds,  you  will  notice  one-half  a 
second  makes  a decided  difference  in  your  pic- 
tures ; and  the  operator  must  time  by  counting, 
and  he  must  learn  to  count  seconds  exactly ; 
then  he  will  have  no  trouble. 


VIGNETTES  AND  MEl^ALLIONS. 


63 


We  believe  we  have  now  told  quite  the  whole 
story,  but  there  are  two  or  three  other  matters 
which  we  must  speak  about  before  making  our 
adieu. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

VIGNETTES  AND  MEDALLIONS. 

Ferrotypes  may  be  vignetted  in  the  camera 
very  readily  in  two  or  three  ways.  The  little 
contrivance  described  below  is  exceedingly  useful 
for  vignetting  in  the  camera.  A drawing  will 
make  the  matter  more  plainly  understood. 

A represents  the  camera-box,  moved  to  one 


side  of  the  top  of  the  stand,  in  order  to  delineate 
the  other  parts  more  easily.  B is  a strip  of  one- 


64 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


half  inch  walnut,  of  any  proper  length,  with  a 
slot  in  it  nearly  the  whole  length.  E is  a piece 
of  stiff  cardboard,  cut  to  the  shape  in  the  draw- 
ing, and  attached  to  the  end  of  the  strip  B by 
the  screw-knob  D,  by  means  of  which  it  may  be 
turned  at  any  angle  desired.  The  strip  B is 
fastened  to  one  side  of  the  top  of  the  camera- 
stand  by  means  of  another  screw-knob  at  C,  on 
which  it  is  also  worked  back  and  forth.  It  also 
enables  us  to  control  the  whole  apparatus,  and 
by  loosening  it  we  may  move  it  up  or  down,  as 
shown  by  the  dotted  lines.  If  you  wish  to  pre- 
vent an  abrupt  line,  work  the  card  E back  and 
forth  gently  during  exposure,  by  means  of  the 
knob  D.  It  will  be  found  to  answer  perfectly. 

Another  plan  is  one  in  common  use,  as  fol- 
lows : 

Take  a white  cardboard,  about  18  x 22,  cut  a 
half  circle  in  one  side  of  the  cardboard,  and 
then  cut  the  circle  full  of  notches  like  saw-teeth. 
These  teeth  should  be  about  one  inch  to  an  inch 
and  a quarter  long,  and  should  come  to  a point. 
When  set  a proper  distance  from  the  model,  it 
will  blend  off*  softly  and  nicely.  With  this  board 
nailed  on  a frame  with  a wooden  rod  so  you  can 
use  the  stand  of  a head-rest  to  place  it  in,  and 
by  moving  the  vignette-board  up  or  down,  you 
can  get  it  in  the  proper  position,  and  can  make 
any  size  you  wish  (see  cut  on  p.  55).  This  card 
must  be  turned  to  the  instrument,  for  if  the  side 

the  frame  is  exposed  on  is  turned  to  the  instru- 

% \ 


VIGNETTES  AND  MEDALLIONS. 


55 


ment,  it  would  show.  If  the  vignettes  are  made 
on  a white  background,  and  a white  vignette- 
hoard  is  used,  the  cloud 
and  ground  will  take  just 
the  same.  Have  the  vign- 
ette-board well  lighted,  or 
else  it  will  take  darker  than 
the  ground.  The  nearer  it 
is  to  the  instrument,  the 
softer  it  will  blend.  A little 
practice  will  teach  any  one 
how  to  use  it.  One  can  tell 
how  to  arrange  it  by  looking 
in  the  front  of  the  camera. 

As  you  see  your  figure  and 
vignette-board  in  the  front 
lens,  so  it  will  be  in  the  pic- 
ture. It  is  well  to  vignette 
nearly  all  the  cabinet  size 
and  whole  plates.  Make  the 
heads  quite  large,  and  they 
give  very  good  satisfaction. 

To  make  medallion  ferro- 
types the  following  plan  was 
given  in  the  Philadelphia  Photographer  a short 
time  ago.  The  correspondent  who  sends  it  says  : 
I send  to  you  a model  of  what  I call  a medal- 
lion shield,  for  making  medallions  in  the  camera. 
I have  tried  it,  and  it  works  to  perfection.  It 
consists,  as  you  see,  of  a shape  made  of  a piece 
of  flock  background,  with  a proper  oval  cut 


56 


THE  FERROTYPER’s  GUIDE. 


therein,  and  one  edge  of  the  opening  painted 
black  and  tlie  other  white.  It  is  cut  out  at  the 
corners,  so  as  to  fit  over 


a wooden  frame  as  de- 
scribed below.  Now  for 
the  way  to  use  it.  The 
shape  is  tacked  on  a 
light  frame  being  bent 
over  at  the  lines.  Next 
a rod  (either  wood  or 
iron)  is  fastened  at  one 
corner  (the  light  will 
determine  which),  then 
remove  the  head-rod 
from  any  head-rest — 
mine  is  an  old  Jenny 
Lind  rest~and  insert 
the  wooden  rod  ; as  you 
will  see,  this  can  be 
raised  and  lowered  to 
suit  the  height  of  the 
sitter.  After  the  sitter 
is  posed,  bring  up  the 
shield  in  front  (of  course 
the  sitter’s  feet  will  be 
turned  to  one  side),  or 
it  may  be  placed  direct- 
ly over  the  feet,  and 
place  it  just  as  you  want  it.  With  a little  care 
it  can  be  made  as  sharp  in  the  negative  as  in  a 
medlalion  print  by  the  old  way,  and  without 


VIGNETTES  AND  MEDALLIONS. 


57 


interfering  with  the  subject.  I am  positive  it 
will  save  one-half  of  the  time  to  a printer.” 

Another  method  is  used  somewhat.  Instead 
of  the  piece  of  background  described  above  a 
large  white  cardboard,  say  30  x 40  inches,  is  used 
with  a large  oval  cut  in  the  centre.  This  oval 
must  be  either  18  x 22  or  20  x 24  inches.  A frame 
is  made  hinged  at  the  top.  The  card  is  nailed 
over  the  front  frame  about  the  average  height 
for  a person  sitting  in  a chair.  This  is  placed  in 
front  of  the  sitter  so  his  head  will  be  in  the  circle  ; 
in  fact,  the  sitter  looks  as  though  he  was  framed  ; 
but  the  position  must  be  got  so  as  to  have  the 
head  in  the  circle  proper.  To  get  this,  the  card 
is  raised  or  lowered.  The  medallion  ferrotype 
must  be  made  on  a dark  background.  It  takes 
longer  to  make  a picture  in  this  style  than  to 
vignette  it. 

We  are  quite  sure  that  the  reader  will  be  able 
to  take  up  the  instructions  we  have  given,  and 
work  out  the  very  best  results  ; and  to  one  and 
all  we  give  our  best  wishes  for  great  success. 


Scovill  Manufacturing  Co., 

NEW  YORK, 

Manufacturers  of  and  Dealers  in  all  classes  of 

P|«II0EI11PII*-F[«II011K 

SUPPLIES. 

AMERICAN  OPTICAL  CO.’S  APPARATUS, 

Multiplying  and  Gem  Camera.s,  the  most  improved. 


THE  CELEBRATED  UNION  GOODS 
Cases,  Frames,  Trays,  &c.,  for  Ferrotypes. 

Brass  Mats,  and  Preservers, 

Band  and  Clasp,  and  Plain  Cases  of  all  sizes  and  grades. 

TBASrS  FERROTYPE  COLLODION. 

Varnishes,  Gun  Cotton,  Patent  Envelopes,  Slips, 
Tucks,  &c.,  for  Ferrotypes,  a great  variety. 

Agents  for  PHENIX  FBREOTYPE  PLATES^ 

Chocolate,  Black,  Eggshell  and  Glossy. 

No.  4 Beekman  St.,  New  York. 

(58) 


611BAI  mmu  MNi 


FOR 

AMERICAN  OPTICAL  COMPANY’S 

APPAMTOS. 

^Jotograp|ic  p^alerials, 


FEEEOTYPE  PLATES, 

CAEDS  AND  ENVELOPES, 

CAED  STOCK, 

ALBUMEN  PAPEE, 

FRAMES, 

IN  ENDLESS  VARIETY, 

Stereoscopes  and  Views, 

Albums  and  Chromos. 


ALL  THE  ABOVE  AT  NEW  YORK  PRICES. 


S.  T.  BLESSING, 

87  Canal  New  Orleans. 

(59) 


GMHON’S 

CUT-OUTS 

Are  the  very  Best  that  are  made, 

And  are  now  without  a rival  in  the  market.  They  are  clean  cut^ 
most  desirable  shapes  and  sizes,  and  made  of  non-actinic  paper’ 
manufactured  specially  for  the  purpose.  Each  package  contains 

30  Cut-Outs,  or  Masks, 

with  corresponding  Insides,  assorted  for  five  differently  sized 
ovals  and  one  arch-top. 

PRICE,  ONE  DOLLAR  PER  PACKAGE. 

Sent  hy  mail  on  receipt  of  price. 

Parties  wishing  special  sizes,  or  large  lots  of  a few  sizes,  may 
have  them  cut  to  order  promptly,  by  addressing  the  manufac-  , 
turer.  No  lot  costing  less  than  ^1.00  made  at  a time. 

ITo  Printer  should  attempt  to  make  Medallion  Pictures  without  them. 


RETOUCHINa  NEGATIVES;  COMPLETELY  OBSCURING  THE  IMPER- 
FECT BACKGROUNDS  OF  COPIES;  FAULTY  SKIES  IN  LAND- 
SCAPES ; COATING  THE  INSIDE  OP  LENSES,  OR  CAMERA 
BOKES;  BACKING  SOLAR  NEGATIVES;  COVERING 
VIGNETTING  BOARDS ; 

And  for  answering  all  tlie  requirements  of  the  intelligent  pho- 
tographer in  the  production  of 

ARTISTIC  RESULTS  JW  PRINTING. 

(CO) 


WHEREVER  YOU  WANT  TO 


KEEP  OUT  LIGHT, 


• CUT-OUTS  (30),  $1.00.  OPAQUE,  50  Cls. 


FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DEALERS. 

ADDRESS  ALL  ORDERS  TO 

JOHN  L.  GIHON,  Inventor, 

128  NORTH  SEVENTH  STREET, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

(61) 


F.  S.  Crowell, 


DEALER  IN 


American  Optical  Co.’s  Appara  ' 

|hotojrashit|apOT,  ^ 


OAED  STOCK, 

GLASS,  FERROTYPE  MATERIALS, 
And  everything  needed  by  the 
Photographer. 


*/ 

/Picture  Frames, 


OF  ALL  THE 


SAVE  FREIGHT 
FROM 

DISTANT  CITIES  . 

by  / 

BUYING  AT  , / ^ ' LATEST  AND  MOST 

SAME  / . ^ / DESIRABLE  STYLES. 

PRICES 
NEAR 


MOULDINGS 

HOME.  / 

/ PRICES  AS  CAN  BE  HAD 
/ ANYWHERE. 

/ OHIO  WILL  SAVE  MONEY  BY 

w BUYING  HERE. 

(62) 


OF  ALL  KINDS  AT  AS  LOW 


PHOTOGRAPHERS  IN  CENTRAL 


USE  WAKELY’S 


&%tdmv 

Collodion, 


AND 


rOK  SALE  ONLY  BY 


G.  D.  WAKELY, 

DEALER  IN 


KANSAS  CITY,  MO. 


P.  O.  Box  2277. 


(63) 


(Established  1860.) 


Henry  D.  Marks, 

No.  14  State  St.,  Rochester,  N.  Y., 


^ .P-ALER  IX 

photographic  #oods 


OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 


I claim  to  keep  the  best  assortment  of 

PHOTOGRAPH  FRAMES 

Regular  sizes,  to  be  found  in  the  country.  Will  send  one,  or  a 
pair,  of  as  many  kinds  desired,  as  samples.  A full  line  of 

CHEMICALS, 

PHENIX  PLATES  (all  sizes), 

HOVEY^S  ALBUMEN  PAPEPv, 

American  Optical  Compani’s  Apparatus, 

CARD  STOCK, 

PICTURE  CORD, 

KNOBS,  NAILS, 

AND  SCREW-EYES. 

Stereoscopes,  Silk  Velvet  Passepartouts, 

Gilt  and  Velvet  Frames,  with  Easels. 

RUSTIC  FRAMES,  OVAL  FRAMES,  SOLID  OVAL  FRAMES,  SQUARE 
FRAMES,  ROMAN  MATTS,  GOLD  BEVEL  MATTS,  FLOCK  BEVEL 
MATTS,  DOUBLE  MATTS,  LITHOGRAPHED  MATTS,  ETC. 

Orders  filled  'prom'pily  and  goods  packed  wHh  care. 

(C4) 


EDWAED  MEAD  & 00., 


304  NOBTH  FOVJiTH  ST., 
ST.  LOUIS,  MO,, 


KEEP  A FULL  LINE  OF 

APPAKATUS,  CHEMICALS,  GLASS, 

FKAMES,  PLATES,  PAPEK  GOODS, 

ALBUMS,  SHOW  CAKDS,  &c.,  &c., 

And  everything  pertaining  to  the  art,  of  first-class  qual- 
ity, and  at  prices  as  low  as  any  in  the  country. 


Orders  solicited  and  Price  List  sent  on  application. 


3 THINGS  TO  REMEMBER. 

The  Philadelphia  Photographer 

Is  the  best  Magazine  you  can  subscribe  for.  |5  a year. 

THE  SKYLIGHT  M THE  DARK-ROOM 

Is  the  best  Photographic  Text-Book  you  can  buy.  It  teaches 
everything  you  want  to  know.  Price,  $4.00. 

PHOTOGEAPHIO  MOSAICS,  1873 

Is  the  best  little  hand-book  of  Photography  you  can  get  in  the 
World.  144  pages  of  good  hints  for  50  cents. 

Please  read  other  advertisements  herein. 

Send  for  list  of  premiums. 

FOR  SAFE  BY  AEE  BEAEERS. 

BENERMAN  k WILSON,  Photographic  Pnblishcrs, 

S.  W.  cor.  7th  and  Cherry  Sts.,  Fhilada. 

(66) 


5 


ESTABLISHED  1863. 


WILSON,  HOOD  & CO. 

822  Arch  St.,  Philadelphia,  Pa., 


Call  the  attention  of  Ferrotypers  to  the  following ; 

WE  ALWAYS  HAVE  IN  STOCK  THE  FOLLOWING 


AMERICAN  OPTICAL  CO/S  GEM  BOXES. 


Xo.  11. 

For  four,  eight,  twelve,  and  sixteen  on  a ^ plate, 

1-9  to  ^ reversible,  and  two  cards  on  a ^ plate....  $.38  00 

Xo.  12. 

The  above  fitted  with  four  Darlot  tubes $53  00 

No.  21. 


Victoria  Card  Box,  with  four  ^ Darlot  tubes  only, 
“ “ without  tubes 


$63  00 
38  00  - 


No.  21  a. 

New  style,  using  two  I size  tubes  only,  without  tubes  $38  00 
With  two  i size  Darlot  tubes  51  00 


No.  25. 

8x10  American  Optical  Company’s  Multiplying 


Box. — The  “Gem”  of  all  Gem  Boxes, 

Unfitted  (that  is  without  any  tubes) $89  50 

Fitted  with  nine  1-9  Darlot  tubes 119  50 

“ “ 1-9  and  2^  Darlot  tubes 132  00 

“ “ 1-9  and  4|  “ “ 144  50 


THIS  BOX  WILL  MAKE  : 


Seventy-two  gems  on  a 7x10  plate. 

Thirty-six  “ “ 7x10  “ 

Eighteen  “ “ 7x10  “ 

Nine  “ “ 5x  7 “ 

Eight  size  cards  on  a 7x10  plate, 
using  two  3'^  or  lenses. 

Eight  cards,  using  one  lens  foi 
copying  on  a 7x10  plate. 


Four  small  Imperials  or  four  Vic- 
toria cards  on  a 7x10  plate,  using 
a 4-4  lens. 

Two  large  4-4  size,  on  a 7x10  plate, 
using  a 4-4  lens. 

Regular  work,  from  V to  8x10  in- 
clusive. 


When  arranged  so  as  to  take  eight  cards  with  four  lenses, 
it  requires  another  diaphragm. 

The  holders  contain  two  sets  of  kits  for  ferrotypes  and 
negatives  ; the  latter  with  glass  corners. 


(06) 


No.  153. 


New  York  Gem,  complete  with  four  1-9  Darlot  tubes  j 
will  make  four,  eight,  and  sixteen  on  a } plate, 

two  cards  on  a ^ plate,  1-9  to  ^ reversible $36  00 

Without  the  four  1-9  tubes,  23  00 
We  can  also  furnish  all  their  other  styles,  and  the  Boston 
Gem  Boxes  to  order. 

ALSO,  WE  ALWAYS  KEEP  FULL  STOCK  OF  THE 

PHENIX  PLATE  COMPANY’S  PLATES. 


1-9,  per  box $0  80 

1-6,  “ 1 25 

1-4,  “ 1 85 

1-2,  “ 2 20 

4-4,  “ 2 40 

10-14,  per  hundred 14  00 

10-14,  per  dozen 1 70 


Chocolate  Glossy. 

$0  90 

1 35 

2 00 

2 35 

2 70 

15  00 

1 80 


CHAMPION  PLATES. 

10  X 14  Eggshell,  Black  or  Chocolate,  per  box, 
10x14  Glossy,  “ “ “ 


$20  00 
24  00 


We  can  furnish  anything  needed  by  Photographers 
and  Perrotypers,  and  will  gladly  furnish  our  New 
Illustrated  Price  List  to  all  applicants  gratis. 

SOLE  MANUFACTURERS  OF 

WIL.SOIV’S  HEAD  RESTS, 

AND  THE 

MONOGRAM  COLLODIONS,  COTTONS,  and  VARNISHES, 

Which  are  unsurpassed  for  Photographs  and  Ferrotypes. 


SOLE  AGENTS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  FOR  THE 

ROSS  AND  STEINHEIL  LENSES, 

We  solicit  your  orders. 

WILSON,  HOOD  & CO. 

(67) 


PHENIX 
FERROTYPE  PLATES. 


ESeSHELl,  ELOSSY,  CHOCOLATE-TINTED. 

(PATENTED  MARCH  1st,  1870.) 


AL.L.  SIZEIS,  FROM  1-9  to  10x14. 

USE  NONE  BUT  THE  PHENIX. 


The  Phenix  Plate  Company, 

Are  DOW  making  the  most  popular  brands  of 
plates  in  the  trade. 

(68) 


For  example  of  work  on  them  see  Trashes  Practical 
Ferrotyj^er.  In  his  comments  on  the  Pictures  Mr. 
Trask  says : 

“The  largest  portion  is  made  on  the  eggshell,  chocolate- 
tinted  plate,  manufactured  by  the  Phenix  Plate  Co.,  Wor- 
cester, Mass.,  and  I must  compliment  them  on  their  success 
in  manufacturing  the  best  eggshell,  chocolate-tinted  plates 
I ever  used.  They  have  overcome  all  the  objections  I have 
heretofore  found,  and  mentioned  on  other  pages.  There  are 
no  signs  of  the  black  comet.  The  plates  are  perfectly  clean, 
the  surface  is  hard,  and  the  collodion  flows  smoothly,  with- 
out spilling.  They  also  give  the  picture  that  rich,  warm 
tone  which  cannot  be  had  with  the  black  plate.  I cannot 
help  congratulating  the  ferrotype  world  on  the  successful 
manufacture  of  this  valuable  plate,  as  it  will  create  a new 
era  in  the  ferrotype  business,  and  the  Phenix  Ferrotype 
Plate  Company  are  entitled  to  great  credit.  I have  not 
spoiled  one  picture  in  a whole  day's  work  on  account  of 
imperfections  in  the  plate.  This  is  a great  saving  of  time 
and  material.” 

We  could  not  ask  a better  testimonial  than  this. 

PHENIX  PLATES  TEIUMPHANT. 

“ In  answer  to  your  inquiry  as  to  the  quality  of  the  Phe- 
nix Plate  Company’s  Ferrotype  Plates,  I have  to  say  that 
in  my  book,  ‘ The  Ferrotype  and  How  to  Make  it,’  I have, 
in  discussing  the  qualities  of  the  different  manufacturers, 
given  the  plates  of  which  your  are  the  Selling  Agents,  the 
preference,  with  my  reasons  therefor.  In  view  of  the  fact 
that  the  book  will  soon  be  published,  and  it  is  expected  will 
quickly  be  in  the  hands  of  every  Ferrotypist  in  the  country, 
it  is  unnecessar}'  in  my  opinion  that  I should  repeat  the 
language  there  used,  but  instead  you  will  And  inclosed  an 
expression  of  the  opinion  of  my  operators,  through  whose 
hands  all  plates  pass,  as  to  the  quality  of -the  Phenix  Plates, 
merely  adding  in  proof  of  the  intelligence  of  the  opinion, 
that  we  are  perfectly  familiar  with  all  qualities  and  manu- 
facturers of  Ferrotype  plates.” — E.  M.  Estabrooke,  No.  31 
Union  Square,  New  York. 

(69) 


“ The  two  thousnnd  non-rever?ed  Ferrotypes  made  in  this 
gallery  on  the  Phenix  Company’s  Chocolate-Tinted,  Eggshell 
Plates,  for  Mr.  Estabrooke’s  book  on  Ferrotypes,  were  made 
in  three  weeks,  at  the  nite  of  over  one  hundred  a day,  in 
addition  to  our  regular  business,  and  we  desire  to  testify  to 
the  excellent  quality  of  the  Plates,  by  stating  as  a fact  that 
of  the  five  hundred  plates  coated  and  exposed,  notone  plate 
was  lost  from  defective  surface.  On  examination  of  the 
pictures,  it  will  be  seen  from  the  brilliancy  of  theijr  tone, 
how  little  the  collodion  affected  the  varnished  surface,  which 
received  the  collodion  freely,  showing  that  the  hardening  of 
the  . surface  had  been  carried  to  the  point  of  perfection,  thus 
insuring  hardness  with  suflBcient  elasticity  to  prevent  crack- 
ing.”— Frank  Bacon,  Trincipa I Operator.  W.  Heighway, 
Assistant  Operator. 

Mr.  Estabrooke’s  Manual  referee!  to  above  is  a very 
comprehensive  and  well- written  book,  published  by 
Gatchell  & Hyatt,  Cincinnati,  St.  Louis,  and  Louis- 
ville. 


PER  BOX. 


SIZES. 


EGGSHELL. 


GLOSSY. 


1-9 

1-6 

1-4 

4Jx6J 


$0  80 
1 25 
1 85 

1 85 

2 20 
2 20 
2 40 
2 40 
2 70 
2 70 


$0  90 

1 35 

2 00 
2 00 
2 35 
2 35 
2 70 
2 70 
2 90 
2 90 


1-2 

4Jxl0 

4-4 

5x7 

7x10 

8x10 


10x14 


Per  Sheet. 

14 


Per  Sheet. 

15 


(70) 


Eisliell,  dlossy,  M Chocolate-Tinted  Plates, 

ALL  SIZES  AND  STYLES, 

ALWAYS  ON  HAND  AND  READY  FOR  DELIVERY. 

Each  package  of  Pbenix  Plates  has  printed 
on  the  wrapper,  ^^Manufactm^ed  by  the 
Fhenix  Plate  Company ^ Worcester^ 
3Iass.^^^  and  none  are  genuine  unless  bear- 
ing that  stamp. 

We  have  made  arrangements  with  the 
Scovill  Manufacturmg  Co.^  constituting  them 
our  sole  and  exclusive  agents  for  the  sale  of 
our  Plates.  That  company  is  so  well  and 
favorably  known  in  the  business,  that  no 
commendation  of  ours  is  required  to  assure 
the  Trade  that  they  will  be  liberally  dealt 
with  in  every  respect. 

JPhenix  Plates  are  for  sale  by  all  Stock- 
dealers  throughout  the  country* 

PHENIX  PLATE  00.,  Manufacturers. 

SCOVILL  MANUFACTURING  CO., 

AGENTS  FOR  THE  TRADE, 

No*  4 Beckman  St*,  New  York* 

(D) 


TEXAS  PHOTOGRAPHER’S  FORNISHING  BOUSE, 


BLESSING  & BRO., 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  STOCKDTALTRS, 

No.  174  TREMONT  ST., 

GALVESTON,  TEXAS, 

KEEP  A FULL  LINE  OF 

AM.  OPTICAL  CO.’S  APPAEATUS, 
CHEMICALS,  GLASS, 

UNION  GOODS,  PEAMES, 

PHENIX  PLATES, 

PAPEE  GOODS,  ALBUMS, 
STEEEOSCOPES, 

SHOW  CAEDS,  &c., 

And  everything  pertaining  to  the  Art,  of  first-class 
quality,  and  at  prices  as  low  as  any  in  the  country. 


Orders  solicited,  and  Price  List  sent 
on  application. 

(72) 


GEO.  R.  URBll 

PHOTOGRAPHIC 

GOODS, 

PICTURE  FRAMES, 
MOULDINGS, 
ARTIST’S  MATERIALS, 
CHROMOS, 

129  Jefferson  Ave., 

DETROIT. 


(73) 


P.  B.  BRADLEY, 

MANUFACTURKR  OF 

'picture  l^rames  and  |llBoiildings 

Aod  (be  best  CARVED  RUSTIC  FRAMES  in  Market, 


DEALER  IN 


French  Glass,  Picture  Nails,  Cord,  &c\, 


STEREOSCOPES  AND  STEREOSCOPIC  VIEWS, 

Velvet  Passepartouts,  Velvet.  Walnut,  and  Gold 
Inlaid  Frames,  Oval  and  Square,  at 
Wholesale  and  Retail. 

118  FRONT  ST.,  ROCHESTER,  N.  Y. 

Near  N.  Y.  Central  R.  K.  Depot. 


I am  making  a specialty  of  getting  up  New  Patterns 
and  Designs  of  SQUARE  WALNUT  AND  GILT  FRAMES 
for  the  PHOTOGRAPHIC  TRADE,  and  sell  at  Prices 
which  DEFY  COMPETITION.  Sample  Orders  on  appli- 
cation, and  Special  Terms  to  those  who  refer  to  this  notice. 


American  Optical  Co.’s  Apparatus, 

A.  M.  Collins,  Son  & Co.’s  Card  Stock. 

&c.,  &c.,  &c. 

P.  B.  BRADLEY. 

(74) 


lElROTYFER’S 

Paradise 


THE  "BREAT  CENTRAL" 

C ^ S HE 

PHOTOGRAPHIC 


GHAS.  W.  STEVENS, 

inn  STATE  STREET, 

1 JO  CHICAGO. 


The  largest  and  most  complete  stock  of  Ferro- 
type specialties  to  be  found  in  any  house  in  the  trade. 
See  my  other  pages  in  this  book. 

(75) 


WM.  B.  HOLMES  & CO., 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 


WAMEIIOUSE, 

644  & 646  BEOADWAT,  OOK  BLBEOKEE  ST., 

NEW  YORK, 

MORRISON’S  LANDSCAPE  LENSES, 

SOLP:  importers  of  the  imperial  DRESDEN  ALBUMEN  PAPER, 
AND  THE  BRILLIANT  DOUBLE  ALBUMEN  PAPER. 

A LAnaE  ASSOETMENT  OF  OVAL  AND  SaUAEE  PHOTOGEAFE  FLAMES. 

DEPOT  B'OR  THE 

Phenix  and  Champion  Ferrotype  Plates,  American  Optical 
Company’s  Apparatus,  Bendann  Background  Negatives,  Photo- 
graphic Chairs,  Card  Stock,  Stereoscopes,  and  Stereoscopic  Views, 
Reliably  Pure  Chemicals,  and  every  useful  and  practical  requisite 
used  in  the  business. 

Our  extensive  facilities  enable  us  to  meet  promptly  all  the  re- 
quirements of  the  art,  and  all  orders,  however  varied,  executed 
with  accuracy  and  dispatch. 

Address, 

WM.  B.  HOLMES  & CO.. 

644  & 646  Broadway,  New  York. 

(76) 


ANDREW  H.  BALDWIN, 

^ holographic  Materials, 

No.  1 CHAMBERS  ST., 

Cor.  of  Ghalham  k Duane  Sis.,  New  York. 


Photographers  who  want  the  best  materials,  and  exactly  as  they  order 
them,  will  be  supplied  promptly,  and  at  the  lowest  possible  prices,  by 
sending  to  me.  My  expenses  are  less  than  those  of  any  other  dealer, 
and  this  accounts  for  my  prices  being  so  low.  Send  for  a Price  List.  My 
motto  is  the  **  nimble  sixpence,”  &c. 

P.  S.— Some  of  my  customers  have  asked  : “Are  you  the  same  ‘ Bald- 
win ’ who  used  to  fill  my  ordem  so  accurately  and^promptly  while  with 
Holmes,  Booth  & Hayden,  and  afterwards  with  the  Willards  & Thayer?” 
I answer,  Yes,  and  I am  happy  to  state  that  my  new'  adventure,  February 
Ist,  1872,  has  been  far  from  a failure ; but,  on  the  contrary,  has  resulted 
in  a constantly  increasing  trade,  and  I wish  to  tender  my  thanks  to 
those  who  l ave  so  liberally  given  me  their  continued  patronage. 

I invite  all  to  give  me  one  trial,  feeling  sure  it  will  not  be  the  last,  for 
it  is  my  wish  and  determination  to  deal  honorably,  and  strive  to  give 
satisfaction  to  every  one.  All  orders  filled  by  myself  alone,  and  no  mis- 
takes made. 

Any  kind  of  Photographic  Goods,  from  any  manufacturer  or  dealer, 
furnished  at  the  manufacturer’s  prices,  and,  in  many  instances,  at  even 
less  prices. 

Strangers  ordering  goods  C.  O.  D.,  are  expected  to  send  about  20  per 
cent,  of  the  amount  in  advance.  This  is  to  insure  good  faith.  Distant 
customers  can  have  their  goods  sent  by  freight,  w'hich  is  much  cheaper 
than  express,  if  they  wdll  send  with  the  order  the  amount  they  wish  to 
invest.  Card  Stock,  Envelopes,  Paper,  &c.,  can  be  sent  by  mail  on  re- 
ceipt of  the  amount  and  postage,  at  the  rate  of  two  eents  for  every  four 
ounces. 

Tour  special  attention  is  called  to  the  new  low-priced  Portrait  Lenses, 
called  “ Peerless  Quick  Acting,”  imported  by  Scovill  Manufacturing 
Co.  Thev  have  been  tested  both  in  this  country  and  in  Europe,  and 
found  to  be  fully  equal,  if  not  superior,  to  those  bearing  higher  prices. 
By  using  these  lenses  the  artist  of  small  capital  may  be  able  to  compete 
with  his  more  fortunate  neighbor  of  larger  means. 

I also  furnish  the  “Dallmeyer,”  the  new  “C.  F.  Usener.”  or  any  other 
kind  of  Portrait  or  View  Lenses  called  for,  and  if  requested  will  send, 
C.  O.  D.,  on  trial  a week  or  ten  days. 

For  View  Lenses  1 would  recommend  “Morrison’s,”  made  in  New 
York,  and  our  remarks  about  the  the  quality  of  the  “Peerless”  Lenses 
will  apply  to  them. 

I h^e  been  known  to  the  photographic  public  more  or  less  for  about 
15  vears.  I like  this  branch  of  business,  and  expect  to  follow  it  as  long 
as  1 live,  partly  because  it  pays,  and  partly  because  I have  the  satisfac- 
tion of  pleasing  my  customers.  Yours,  truly, 

ANDREW  H.  BALDWIN, 

No.  I Chambers  St.,  cor.  of  Chatham  & Duane,  New  York. 


2506 

Photographers 

PATRONIZE  THE 

“GREAT  CENTRAL” 

CASH 

Photographic; 

Worehomao 

CHAS.  W.  STEVENS, 

No.  158  STATE  ST. 

CHICAGO. 

\ 

Because  their  orders  are  filled  promptly,  with  the 
BEST  GOODS  and  for  the  least  money. 

See  my  other  imyes  in  this  hook, 


WAYMOUTH’S 


VIGNETTING  PAPERS. 

(DESIGNS  COPYRIGHTED.) 


Practically  Test  the  Samples  given  ivith 
Phila.  Photographer^  May^  1S7S. 


The  most  artistic  of  all  pictures  is  the  Vignette,  when  properly 
printed.  But  the  clumsy  devices  generally  in  use  for  printing 
them,  or  rather  for  blending  the  shading  about  the  figure,  produce 
but  very  few  really  artistic  vignette  pictures.  Either  the  shading 
is  too  intensely  dark,  not  gradated  in  tint  at  all,  or  it  shows  an 
ugly  direct,  decided  line,  which  is  very  repulsive.  The  shading 
should  be  gradual  from  the  dark  tint  nearest  to  the  figure,  blend- 
ing gradually  off  into  the  white  back-ground.  The  results  are 
then  soft,  artistic,  and  beautiful.  The  easiest  and  best  way  to  secure 
them  is  by  the  use  of  WAYMOUTH’S  VIGNETTE  PAPERS.  They 

ARE  NOT  CLUMSY  ; DO  NOT  BREAK  ; ARE  ALWAYS  READY  ; COST 
BUT  LITTLE ; and  are  easy  of  application  to  any  negative. 

Fifteen  sizes  are  now  made,  suiting  all  dimensions  of  pictures 
from  a small  carte  figure  to  Whole-size,  Victorias,  Cabinets,  <^c. 
Larger  sizes  will  be  introduced  presently,  if  demanded.  They  are 
printed  in  black  for  ordinary  negatives,  yellow  bronze  for  thin 
negatives,  and  red  bronze  for  still  weaker  ones.  Directions  for  use 
accompany  each  parcel. 


TESTIMO  N I ALS: 

“ I enclose  you  an  example  of  a new  Vignetting  Mask  sent  to  me  by 
Mr.  Waymouth,  one  of  my  correspondents.  Being  composed  of  trans“- 
parent  paper  their  is  no  risk  of  breakage,  and  it  readily  admits  of  the 
gradation  already  very  good,  being  modified  easily  to  suit  the  negative. 
This,  I take  it,  is  a point  of  great  importance.  The  great  defect  of  vig- 
netting glasses  is  the  regular,  formal,  uniform  effect  of  vignetting  pro- 
duced by  them,  unless  the  printer  take  great  pains  to  avoid  it;  and  as 
no  two  negatives,  as  a rule,  require  precisely  the  same  form  and  grada- 
tion in  vignetting  anything  tending  to  produce  one  uniform  style  is 
bad.  This  lithographed  mask  on  transmarent  paper  will,  I think,  be 
found  a useful  adjunct  in  vignetting.” — G.  Wharton  Simpson,  M.A .,  F.S.  A. 
November  World,  1872. 

(79) 


“ Mr.  Waymouth  appears  to  be  actively  employed  in  developing  the 
full  capabilities  of  his  Vignetting  I’apers.  We  have  received  from  him 
some  samples  showing  a further  extension  of  the  system,  bronze  powder 
entering  into  the  composition  of  the  opaque  portions,  and  securing  a more 
delicate  gradation  between  the  lucent  centre  and  the  opaque  edges.” — 
British  Journal  of  Photography,  January  .31st,  1873. 

'"Flexible  Vignetting  Masks.— Vfe  have  already  called  the  attention  to 
the  Paper  Vignetting  Masks  introduced  by  Mr.  Waymouth,  of  Nailsea, 
near  Bristol.  From  a trial  made,  we  are  enabled  to  say  that  they  answer 
exceedingly  well ; and  they  are  certain  to  find  favor  among  photographers 
— a favor  they  well  deserve.  Mr.  Waymouth  iivforms  us  that  since  our 
first  notice  of  them,  a few  week’s  since,  no  fewer  than  eleven  hundred 
have  been  sent  out.  This  is  well.” — British  Journal  of  Photography,  Nov. 

m,  1872. 

‘‘I  can  testify  to  the  exquisite  softness  obtained  from  your  Vignette 
Papers,  which  gradual  and  soft  effect  I have  never  seen  equalled  by  any 
other  method.”— Jf.  A.  II.  Daniel,  Esq.,  Hon.  Sec.  of  the  Bristol  and  Clifton 
Arnateur  Photographic  Association. 

“At  a meeting  of  the  Bristol  and  Clifton  Amateur  Photographic  Asso- 
ciation, held  at  the  Bristol  Museum,  on  the  16th  of  October,  Mr.  Daniel 
read  some  notes  on  Vignette  Printing,  &c.,  and  laid  the  new  Vignette 
Papers  berore  the  meeting,  and  highly  recommended  them,  as  being 
cheap,  simple,  and  effective,  giving  beautifully  soft  vignettes.” 

From  Professional  Photographers. — “First-class.”  “The  samples  sent 
answer  perfectly.”  “I  consider  them  first  rate  articles.”  “I  think 
your  Vignette  Papers  will  be  a great  improvement  on  the  old  glasses.”  &c. 


In  parcels  containing  one  of  each  size,  fif- 
teen, assorted  colors 81  00 

Assorte<l  sizes  and  colors,  by  number,  per  pack- 
age of  fifteen 1 00 

Nos.  1,  2,  3,  4,  and  5,  assorted  sizes  and  colors,  for 

Cartes,  by  number,  per  dozen 50 

Nos  6,  7, 11,  12,  and  13,  assorted  sizes  and  colors, 

for  Large  Cartes  and  Victorias,  by  number,  per  doz...  75 
Nos.  8,  9,  10,  14,  and  15,  assorted  sizes  and  colors, 

for  Cabinets  and  Whole-size, by  number,  per  dozen...  1 00 


When  ordering,  state  the  number  and  color  you  want.  The 
Waymouth  Vignette  Papers  are  an  English  invention,  and  are 
becoming  so  universally  used  in  Europe  that  we  have  pleasure  in 
introducing  them  to  our  patrons. 

& wiESO.\, 

MANUFACTURERS, 

Seventh  and  Cherry  Sts,,  Philada. 

For  Sale  by  all  l^ealers. 

(80) 


PHOTOGRAPHERS  OF  THE  SOUTH  WHO  WISH  TO  SAVE  TIME, 
FREIGHT,  AND  MONEY,  SHOULD  BUY  THEIR  GOODS  AT 


WARNER’S 

MOME,  GEOMG-IA. 


A FULL  LINE  OF 

American  Optical  Company’s 
Apparatus, 

PUKE  CHEMICALS, 

COLLINS’  CAKD  STOCK, 

PHENIX  FEKKOTYPE  PLATES, 

KNELL’S  CHAIKS, 

OYAL  AND  SQUARE  FRAMES, 

BACKING  AND  GLASS,  &c. 

Alliis,  Stereoscopes,  aii  Tieis. 

Best  goods  at  lowest  prices.  Send  your  orders  to 

C.  J.  WARNER, 

ROME,  GEO. 


6 


(81) 


1 S *7  3 


BENERMAN  & WILSON’S 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  POBLICATIOHS. 


The  rapid  progress  which  has  been  made  in  our  art 
of  late  makes  it  compulsory  on  the  part  of  the  photog- 
rapher who  would  excel,  or  even  keep  pace  with  it,  to 
read  and  study  more  than  he  has  ever  done. 

We  are  enabled  to  olfer  you  for  your  instruction,  such 
a catalogue  of  publications  this  year  as  has  never  been 
offered  to  the  world  before.  It  embraces  full  infor- 
mation from  the  most  competent  sources  upon  every 
branch  of  your  vocation,  and  you  cannot  invest  money 
that  will  return  you  more  largely  and  quickly  than 
what  you  invest  in  a selection  of  works  from  the  fol- 
lowing 


C^T^LOa-TJE. 

A — The  Philadelphia  Photographer,  the  oldest,  best,  and  most 
X>opular  Phofograpliic  Magazine  in  America.  It  is  the  photog- 
rapher’s true  and  tried  advocate,  and  has  done  more  to  elevate 
photography,  and  worked  harder  to  put  money  into  the  pockets 
of  its  patrons  than  any  magazine  of  the  art  was  ever  known  to 
do.  It  is  the  old  favorite,  just  now  entering  its  tenth  year.  The 
best  authorities  in  the  world  are  paid  to  w'rite  for  it ; the  most 
practiced  operators  in  America  contribute  to  its  pages,  and  a ho§t 
of  generous  photographers  continually  send  it  all  the  useful  hints 
they  discover.  No  money,  labor,  or  time  is  spared  to  make  it  all 
that  a photographic  journal  should  be.  Each  number  is  embel- 
lished by  a fine  specimen  of  photography,  intended  to  set  up 
before  the  fraternity  examples  worthy  of  imitation.  This  maga- 
zine is  invaluable,  and  you  cannot  afford  to  do  without  it.  You  act- 
ually lose  money  if  you  do  not  have  it,  as  could  be  proven  by  a 
thousand  letters  if  there  was  space  for  them.  Subscription  price, 
^5  a year,  $2.50  for  six  months,  in  advance.  Specimen  copies,  50 
cents. 

B— The  Skylight  and  the  Dark-Room.  By  Elbert  Ander- 
son, operator  at  Kurtz’s  studio.  New  York.  This  is  the  most 
beautiful  and  elaborate  work  on  the  art  ever  published  It  was 
issued  November  1st.  It  contains  nearly  250  pages — large,  square 
— twelve  photographs  made  by  the  author  to  illustrate  the  lessons 

(82) 


of  the  work,  and  almost  two  hundred  fine  wood-cuts.  Th^au- 
thor  gives  more  information  in  a concise  shape  than  any  or  his 
predecessors,  and  being  a practical  operator,  gaining  his  daily  bread 
under  the  skylight  and  in  the  dark-room,  he  tells  his  story  in  such 
a way  as  to  make  it  most  plain  to  the  beginner,  as  -well  as  most 
valuable  to  the  more  practiced.  It  is  a magnificent  work,  and  as 
good  and  useful  as  it  is  magnificent.  Author  and  publisher  have 
been  nearly  a year  at  work  on  it,  and  may  be  proud  of  the  re- 
sult. Read  the  content*  in  other  advertisements.  Price,  in  cloth, 
gilt,  post-paid,  S4. 

C — Photographic  Mosaicsi  The  1873  edition  excels  all  of  its 
seven  older  brethren.  The  list  of  articles  is  made  up  of  original 
contributions,  written  especially  for  its  pages,  on  all  departments 
of  the  art,  wholly  by  practical  men  who  are  only  heard  from 
once  a year  through  the  persuasion  of  the  editor,  in  this  way. 

The  poser,  the  dark-room  man,  the  printer,  the  toner,  the  pain- 
ter, the  landscapist,  the  retoucher,  the  glass-cleaner,  the  business 
photographer,  and  the  amateur,  will  find  much  in  Mosaics  of 
value  to  them  this  year.  144  pages  as  usual,  paper  cover,  50  cents. 
Cloth,  ^1.  A few  copies  of  former  editions,  from  1866,  at  same  price. 

I> — The  Ferrotyper’s  G-nidei  Kill  not  the  Ferrotype  but  im- 
prove it,  is  the  advice  now  given  by  those  w ho  formerly  opposed 
its  introduction.  And  to  aid  in  this  work  of  improvement  we 
recommend  you  to  follow  the  good  counsel  given  in  The  Fer- 
rotyper’s  Guide,  a new  book  just  issued. 

The  author  is  a well  knowm  Ferrotyper,  and  also  an  excellent 
Photographer.  His  work  contains  much  useful  instruction, 
which  will  be  of  benefit  to  every  man  w ho  dips  a plate,  glass  or 
iron.  5000  copies  were  sold  before  the  book  was  out  of  press. 

An  elegant  reversed  Ferrotype  of  card  size,  made  by  Estabrooke, 
New  York,  accompanies  each  book. 

Its  mission  is  not  to  tell  but  to  teach  everything  necessary 
to  enable  even  a novice  to  make  good  ferrotypes,  and  to  get  better 
prices.  Price,  paper  cover,  75  cents. 

E— Bigelow’s  Album  of  Lighting  and  Posing.  This  is  not  ex- 
actly a book,  but  a collection  of  24  large  Victoria-size  photogra- 
phic studies  in  lighting  and  posing,  made  especially  to  teach  how’ 
to  light  and  pose  ordinary  and  extraordinary  subjects  in  all  the 
plain,  fancy,  “Rembrandt”  and  “Shadow”  styles.  It  is  accom- 
panied by  an  explanatory  key  of  instructions,  together  with  a 
diagram  for  each  picture,  showing  how  the  sitter  and  the  camera 
were  placed  in  the  skylight,  their  relation  to  the  background,  and 
what  blinds  were  opened  and  closed  at  the  time  of  the  sitting.  It 
almost  supplies  a rule  by  which  you  can  quickly  tell  how  to 
manage  every  subject  that  comes  to  you. 

“It  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  aids  to  art  education  which  has  yet 
been  presented  to  the  photo,  portraitist.  Each  print  represents  a dis- 
tinct study  of  pose  and  lighting,  the  widest  variety  of  effects  being  com- 
prehended. We  should  be  glad  to  see  it  in  the  hands  of  English  por- 
traitists generally.’’— P^ofo.  News. 

“ Tht  method  is  an  admirable  one,  and  Mr.  Bigelow  deserves  credit  for 
the  systematic  way  in  which  he  has  c&ined  ii  oat.”— British  Journal  of 
Photography. 

(83) 


“I  confess  that  this  work  has  furnished  me  much  instruction,  par- 
ticularly the  manner  in  which,  by  word  and  picture,  studies  about  light 
and  pose,  are  explained  and  made  comprehensible.”— Z)r.  Vogel. 

“ We  do  not  know  of  anything  ourselves  that  has  been  presented  to 
the  trade  which  is  calculated  to  do  so  much  real  good  as  Bigelow’s  Al- 
bum, with  the  explanatory  key  to  the  studies.  It  is  an  invaluable  guide 
to  the  portraitist.”— i*^iZadcip?ua  Fhotographer. 

A large  lot  sent  to  England  was  sold  in  a week,  and  more  de- 
manded at  once.  Orders  from  Germany  for  a large  lot  just  re- 
ceived. The  studies  are  mounted  on  folding  leaves,  so  that  twelve 
can  be  examined  at  once.  Price  in  cloth,  gilt,  S6,  post-paid. 

F^Wilson’s  Landscape  Stndiesi  An  album  of  landscape  stud- 
ies in  style  similar  to  Bigelow’s  Album,  containing  ten  5x8 
views,  with  the  formula,  &c.,  by  George  Washington  Wilson, 
Esq.,  the  renowned  Scotch  landscape  photographer.  A splendid 
work.  In  cloth,  gilt, 

O— Dr.  Vogel’s  Handbook  of  the  Practice  and  Art  of  Photog- 
raphy. Treats  on  all  matters  of  photographic  practice  in  every 
department.  Decidedly  a most  practical  and  useful  photographic 
work  by  a popular  German  author.  Full  of  illustrations,  and  has 
four  photographs  showing  the  various  methods  of  lighting  the 
face.  Edition  nearly  exhausted.  Price,  :J3.50,  postpaid. 

H— How  to  Paint  Photographs  in  Water  Colors.  A practical 
Handbook  designed  especially  for  the  use  of  students  and  pho- 
tographers, containing  directions  for  Brush  Work  in  all  descrip- 
tions of  Photo-Portraiture,  Oil,  W ater  Colors,  Ink,  &c.  By  George 
B.  Ayres,  Artist.  Third  Edition.  Differing  largely  from  previous 
editions.  Price,  t‘2.00.  The  new  chapter  on  Retouching  Negatives^ 
contributed  by  the  distinguished  artist-photographer,  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Kurtz,  of  New  York,  is  a conspicuous  feature  of  this  edition ; 
and  is  needed  by  every  photographer  who  desires  to  accomplish 
this  beautiful  process.  It  is  alone  worth  the  price  of  the  book. 

The  author  says : “ There  is  no  good  reason  why  every  photogra- 
pher should  not  become  somewhat  qualified  to  do  an*  amount  of 
his  ordinary  coloring,  and  by  study  and  practice,  a considerable 
portion.”  He  is  right.  Try. 


I— Pictorial  Effect  in  Pbotography,  By  H.  P.  Robinson,  Lon- 
don. English  edition.  A splendidly  illustrated  work,  teaching 
how  to  pose  and  light  the  subject,  the  rules  of  composition,  &c., 
&c.  Handsomely  bound  in  cloth,  $^3.50.  No  land.'^cape  or  portrait 
photographer  can  read  it  without  improvement. 

J— How  to  Sit  for  Yonr  Photograph.  This  is  a fine  little  work 
of  48  pages,  written  by  the  wife  of  a celebrated  New  York  pho- 
tographer, for  the  purpose  of  educating  the  public  on  the  all-im- 
portant subject  of  sitting  for  a picture,  and  to  assist  the  photog- 
rapher in  securing  the  best  possible  results.  Practical,  yet  spicy 
and  amusing  in  style.  It  is  bound  in  cloth  at  60  cents  per  copy, 
and  paper  cover,  30  cent«,  retail.  Sample  copies  sent  free  of  post- 
age to  any  address  on  receipt  of  price. 

(84) 


K— Lookont  Landscape  Photograpliy,  By  the  late  Prof.  R.  M. 
Linn,  Lookout  Mountain,  Tenn.  A pocket  manual  for  the  out- 
door worker,  and  full  of  good  for  em'j'  photographer.  75  cents. 
Be  sure  to  get  it. 

I-— Himes’  Leaf  Prints;  or,  Glimpses  at  Photography.  By 
Prof.  Charles  F.  Himes,  Ph.D.  Full  of  useful  information  for 
the  photographic  printer.  Illustrated  with  a whole-size  photo- 
graph. Cloth,  $1.25.  t 

The  American  Carbon  Manual.  By  Edw.  L.  Wilson.  A 
complete  manual  of  the  Carbon  process  from  beginning  to  end. 
With  a fine  example  by  the  process.  Cloth,  $2.00. 

N— Ayres’  Chart  of  Photographic  Drapery.  This  is  a photo- 
graph of  forty-two  pieces  of  cloth,  of  all  the  colors  and  shades, 
handsomely  mounted  on  a card.  It  should  be  hung  up  in  every 
reception-room,  to  show  your  customers  what  color  dresses  to 
wear,  and  to  show  you  what  sort  of  backgrounds  and  accessories 
to  use.  Price,  $2.00. 

O— “The  Photographer  to  his  Patrons.’’  A splendid  little 
twelve-page  leaflet,  which  answers  all  vexatious  questions  put  to 
you  by  your  sitters,  and  serves  as  a grand  advertising  medium. 
It  is  for  photographers  to  give  away  to  their  customers.  Send  for 
a copy  and  an  illustrated  circular.  Over  500,000  already  sold  and 
in  use  all  over  the  country.  $20.00  for  1000,  $35.00  for  2000,  and 
so  on.  Printed  and  supplied  in  English,  German,  and  Spanish. 

P — Pretty  Faces.  A leaflet  much  smaller  than  “ The  Photogra- 
pher to  hu  Patrom^'^  for  the  same  purpose,  but  costing  less.  viz. : 
1000  copies,  $10;  2000,  $17.50,  and  larger  orders  at  less  rates. 


<1— The  Year-Book  of  Photography.  By  G.  Wharton  Simp- 
son. English  edition.  Similar  to  Mosaics,  and  full  of  good, 
short,  practical  articles.  50  cents.  1869,  1870^  1871, 1872,  and  1873 
now  on  hand. 


R— Elbert  Anderson’s  Photo-Comic  Allmyknack  for  1873. 
Being  a complete  Almanac,  full  of  witty  sayings,  jokes,  puns, 
stories,  etc.,  etc.  Profusely  illustrated  with  comic  and  original 
sketches,  yet  all  interspersed  with  much  practical  matter  of  value 
to  every  photographer.  Issued  May,  1873.  Price,  75  cents. 


To  save  writing,  photographers  may  order  the 
above  of  us  by  the  marginal  letters,  thus:  “Please 
send  us  one  copy  of  each,  book  A,  B,  K,”  &c.,  &c. 
Any  of  the  above  sent  post  free  on  receipt  of  price  by 

BENERMAN  & WILSON,  Photo.  Publishers, 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

(85) 


HAWORTH  & McCOLLIN, 


IMPORTERS,  MANUFACTURERS,  AND  DEALERS  IN 


AND  SUPERIOR 

FERROTYPE  PLATES, 

No.  624  ARCH  ST., 


PHILADELPHIA. 


SEND  FOR  ILLUSTRATED  DESCRIPTIVE  CATALOGUE. 


AMERICAN  OPTICAL  CO.’S 


OR 

FERROTYPE  BOXES. 

STANDARD  QUALITY. 


The  standard  Camera  Boxes  are 
usually  fitted  with  first-qu.ality  compo- 
sition corners,  but  as  some,  of  our  cus- 
tomers have  expressed  a desire  to  have 
glass  corners  in  this  quality  of  boxes, 
we  will  fit  all  of  the  holders  with  kits 
containing  Lewis’s  patent  glass  corners 
(see  cut)  at  10  per  cent,  advance  on  the 
following  prices,  when  so  ordered. 

GEM  BOXES.— Standard  quality. 

No.  53. — New  York  Gem,  complete  with  four  1-9  Dar- 


lot  tubes;  will  make  4,  8,  and  16,  on  a 1-4  plate, 

two  cards  on  a 1-2  plate,  1-9  to  1-2  reversible $36  00 

Without  the  four  1-9  tubes 23  00 

No.  154.  — 1 -4  size  Gem  Boxes  with  four  Darlot  tubes 
complete;  will  make  four  pictures  on  IT  1-4  plate, 

and  1-9  to  1-4  reversible 28  00 

Without  the  four  1-9  tubes 15  00 

No.  155. — 1-2  size  Gem  Boxes,  with  six  Darlot  tubes  ; 
will  make  six  pictures  on  a 1-2  plate,  and  1-9  to 

1-2  reversible 38  00 

Without  the  six  1-9  tubes 18  00 

No.  156. — 4-4  Gem  Box  with  twelve  Darlot  tubes; 
will  make  twelve  pictures  on  a 4-4  plate,  and  1-6  to 

6^  X 8^  reversible 67  50 

Without  the  twelve  1-9  tubes 24  50 

No.  157. — 4-4  size  Gem  Box  with  four  1-4  tubes  ; will 
make  four  pictures  on  a 6^x8^  plate,  and  regular 

work  1-6  to  4-4 54  50 

Without  the  four  1-4  tubes 24  50 

(87) 


FERROTYPE  CAMERA  BOXES. 


STANDARD  QUALITY. 

No.  160. — 1-4  size  box  and  holders  for  four  pictures 

on  a 1-4  plate $12  00 

The  same  fitted  with  four  1-9  Darlot  tubes 27  00 

No.  16 1 . — 1 -2  size  box  and  holders  for  six  pictures  on 

a 1-2  plate 13  00 

The  same  fitted  with  six  1-9  Darlot  tubes 36  00 

No.  162. — 5 X 7 box  and  holders  for  nine  pictures  on 

a 5 X 7 plate 19  00 

With  nine  1-9  Darlot  tubes 51  00 

No.  163. — 5 X 7 box  and  holder  for  four  pictures  on  a 

5x7  plate 19  00 

With  four  1-4  Darlot  tubes.... 45  00 

No.  164. — 1-4  box  and  holders  for  sixteen  pictures  on 

a 1-4  plate  with  tubes  complete 48  00 


Ten  per  cent,  advance  with  the  old  style  (Lewis’s  patent) 
glass  corners  in  the  holders. 

CAMERA  BOXES.— Extra  quality. 

The  following  Camera  Boxes  are 
manufactured  from  the  best  ma- 
hogany or  black  walnut,  French 
polished,  with  India  rubber  bel- 
lows^ solid  or  folding  platform, 
with  patent  brass  guides,  and  fine 
focusing  screw,  with  which  the 
focus  is  drawn  upon  the  largest 
boxes  with  the  same  facility  and 
accuracy  as  upon  the  smaller  ones, 
and  all  holders  fitted  with  the  nevj  patent  glass  corners,  with- 
out extra  charge.  (See  cut.) 

THE  i\EW  VICTORIA  BOXES. 

The  Victoria  Box  works  a 5 x 7 plate,  and  may  be  used 
to  make  two  Victoria  cards,  using  one  tube,  on  a 5x7  plate  ; 
four  cartes  de  visite,  using  four  1-4  tubes,  on  a 5x7  plate  ; 
and  by  reversing  the  four  lenses  it  will  make  eight  “ bon 
tons,’’  on  a 5x7  plate.  It  also  makes  all  regular  sizes,  from 
1-6  size  to  1-4,  using  four  1-4  tubes. 

THE  STYLES  ARE,  VIZ.  : 

No.  21. — Victoria  Card  Box  with  four  1-4  tubes  only...  $63  00 


Without  tubes 38  00 

No.  2la. — New  style,  with  two  1-4  tubes  only 51  00 

Without  tubes 38  00 


(88) 


OEM,  CARD,  A]¥0  IJ]¥IVERSAE 
CAMERA  BOXES. 


No.  8. — Gem,  for  12  pictures  on  a 1-4  plate,  using 
twelve  tubes  ; 1-9  to  1-2  sizes  reversible,  using  one 
tube  ; and  two  cards  on  a 1-2  plate,  using  2 tubes. ..$28  00 


No.  9. — The  same  fitted  with  twelve  tubes 63  00 

No.  10. — The  same  box  fitted  with  four  additional 

tubes  for  making  four  pictures  on  a 1-4  plate 78  00 

No.  11. — For  four,  eight,  twelve,  and  sixteen,  on  a 1-4 
plate;  1-9  to  1-2  reversible,  and  two  cards  on  a 

1-2  plate 38  00 

No.  12. — The  above  fitted  with  four  Darlot  tubes 53  00 


COMBIXATIOX  MIJETIPEYIXG 
CAMERA  BOX. 

The  Box  of  all  Boxes. — Ne  plus  ultra. 

No.  25. — 8x10.  Prices  below.  This  Box  will  make 

72  gems  on  a 7x  10  plate.  1 18  gems  on  a 7x10  plate. 

36  “ 7x10  “ 1 9 “ “ 5x7  “ 

Eight  1-4  size  cards  on  a 7 x 10  plate,  using  two  1-4  or  1-3 
lenses. 

Eight  cards,  using  one  lens  for  copying,  on  a 7 x 10  plate. 

Four  small  imperials  or  four  Victoria  cards  on  a 7x10 
plate,  using  a 4-4  lens. 

Two  large  4-4  size,  on  a 7 x 10  plate,  using  a 4-4  lens. 

Regular  work  from  1-4  to  8x10  inclusive. 

When  arranged  so  as  to  take  eight  cards  with  four  lenses, 
it  requires  another  diaphragm. 

Holders  contain  two  sets  of  kits  for  ferrotypes  and  nega- 
tives. The  latter  with  glass  corners. 


Unfitted  (that  is  without  any  tubes) $89  50 

Fitted  with  nine  1-9  Darlot  tubes 119  50 

“ “ “ and  2^  tubes 131  50 

“ “ “ and  4J^  “ “ 144  50 


All  carriage  movements  are  supplied  with  the  new  patent 
ivory  roller. 

For  sate  by  all  dealers. 

SCOVILL  lANUFACTURlNG  CO.,  Manufacturers, 

NEW  YORK. 


(89) 


COLLODION. 


Photographers  and  Ferrotypers  M’anting  the  best  Collodion 
manufactured,  will  use  nothing  but  the  “Unrivaled,”  which  is 
made  and  sold  only  at  the  “GREAT  CENTRAL.”  The  “Un- 
rivaled” Negative,  and  Rembrandt  Collodion  is  unsur- 
passed, and  I ask  only  a trial  to  convince  you  of  its  excellence. 

Ferrotypers — use  my 


UNRIVALED  GEM  COLLODION, 


It  will  suit  you,  and  once  in  your  “ Dark-Room  ” you  will  buy 
no  other  made. 

UNRIVALED  VIEW  piAT  T nT^TnAT 
UNRIVALED  QUICK  IjUJUijUiJiUlN . 

“ Great  Central.”  COLLODION  “Great  Central.” 

. “tat  Central.”  YliltlllSIl. 


CHAS.  W.  STEVENS’  BRILLIANT  VARNISH, 

For  Negatives  and  Ferrotypes — the  best  in  use. 


the 

“Great  Central 


.4LBUKN  PAPER.. 


THE 

Great  Central.” 


Chas.  W.  Stevens’  “ Geneva”  Albumen,  Rives  and  Saxe,  Pink 
and  White;  without  an  equal  for  brilliant  results  and  ease  of 
working. 

PUKE  LIQUID  CHLORIDE  OF  GOLD, 

AND  0.  W.  S.  GUN  COTTON. 

Nothing  better,  and  if  you  use  them  you  will  buy  no  other. 
Pure  Chemicals  a Specialty  with  the  “Great  Central.” 
Full  weight  guaranteed. 

The  above  Proprietary  Goods  sold  only  by 

CHAS.  W.  STEVENS, 

158  STATE  ST.,  CHICAGO. 

See  my  other  advertisements  in  this  book. 
(90) 


CHAS.  W.  STEVENS, 

DEALER  IN 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  MERCHANBISE, 

SPECIALTIES  AND  NOVELTIES, 

158  State  St.,  Chicago. 

GJLA8S, 


IMPORTER  OF 

Camera  ®uks, 

All  Camera  Tubes  warranted. 
Send  for  Descriptive  List. 


AMERICAN  OPTICAL  CO.’S 


All  grades  and  sizes  constant- 
ly in  stock.  Send  for  descrip- 
tive List  of  Apparatus. 


CHAS.  W.  STEVENS’ 

NKW 

Improved  Sliding-Back 

AND  SIDE-ARM 

POSITION  CHAIR, 

Latest  and  best  Chair  intro- 
duced. Send  for  a Descriptive 
Circular  and  Prices. 


CHAS.  W.  STEVENS’ 

BABY  CHAIR 

Send  for  Descriptive  Circular. 


I import  the  best  brands  of  Eng- 
lish and  French 

NEGATIVE  and  PICTURE  CLASS 

And  will  sell  at  lowest  prices. 

I import  English  Hypo.  Soda, 
and  deal  in 

PURE  CHEMICALS, 

prepared  exclusively  for  Photo- 
graphic purposes. 

I import  the  best 

fisljes, 

New  lot  just  in. 

OVAL  AND  SQUARE 

BLACK  WALNUT 

FRAMES. 

OVAL  AND  SQUARE 

ROSEWOOD  AND  GILT 

FRAMES. 

OVAL  AND  SQUARE 

GOLD  GILT 

FRAMES. 


Everything  that  a Photographer  or  Ferrotyper  needs  can  be  found  in 
QUANTITY  and  at  LOWEST  PRICES,  at  the  “GREAT  CENTRAL ” 
CASH  PHOTOGRAPHIC  WAREHOUSE  of 


(91) 


Robinson’s  Ratent  Photograph  Trimmer. 

The  usefulness  of  this  little  contrivance  is  as  exter>8ive  as  it  iS 
Simple.  It  will  trim  all  photographs  with  equal  facility, 

from  the  little  circular  print  of  a quarter  of  an  inch  in  diameter  for 
the  locket,  to  the  full  life  size. 

The  accompanying  cut  represents  the  instrument  in  the  act  of  trim- 
ming a photograph.  It  does  not  cut^  but  pinches  off  the  waste  paper,  and 


leaves  the  print  with  a neatly  beveled  edge  which  facilitates  the  adher- 
ence of  the  print  to  the  mount.  Try  one,  and  you  will  discard  the  knife 
and  punch  at  once.  For  e.xamples  of  work  see  Dr.  Vogel’s  picture  in 
the  January  number  of  the  Philadelphia  Photographer,  and  Messrs. 
Schreiber  & Sons’  picture  in  the  February  i.ssue  of  the  same  magazine. 
Likewise  the  various  proofs  in  other  numbers.  Sent  by  mail,  neatly 
boxed,  for  $.3.50.  Sent  to  any  part  of  the  world  on  receipt  of  price.  Oil 
the  wheel  hearings  with  sewing  machine  oil. 

The  dilhculty  of  procuring  exactly  true  guides  for  cutting  out  piints 
has  induced  the  inventor  to  put  up  machinery  for  the  production  of  all 
styles  of  them,  guaranteed  mathematically  true,  and  to  be  known  as 

ROBIX.SON’S  I.nPIlOVEn  GUIDES. 

Price  10  cents  per  incli  the  long  way  of  the  opening.  A full  stock  of 
regular  sizes  now  on  hand.  A complete,  illustrated  catalogue  and  price- 
list of  these  will  be  issued  soon. 

Please  read  the  description  of  the  Trimmer  on  page  346,  October  num- 
ber Philadelphia  Photographer,  1872. 

TESTIMONIALS. 

“ The  Trimmer  comes  up  to  all  you  claim  for  it.  I would  not  be  with- 
out it.”— T.  CuMMiSGS,  Lancasiei-. 


D.  J.  RYAN’S 


SOUTHERN 


AND 


pTOCK  Depot, 

SAVANNAH,  Ga. 


First-Class  M at  Nortlam  Prices! 

SAVING  TIME, 

FREIGHT,  INSURANCE,  DRAYAGE,  &c. 

(95) 


TAKE  NOTICE ! 


N.  C.  THAYER  & CO., 


DEALERS  IN 


aterials 


OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION  ARE  RE-ESTABLISHED  IN 


CHICAGO, 


AT 


Mo.  76  STATE  STREET. 


Photographers  in  the  West  are  invited  to  send  their 
orders  to  this  well-known  House. 


GOODS  EXACTLY  AS  OKDEEED, 

AND  AT 

THE  VERY  LOWEST  PRICES. 
' (96) 


fusely  Illustrated f 

ENTITLED 


ELBERT  ANDERSOJi’S 


Photo-Oomic 

ALLMYKNACK. 


It  is  full  of  witty  stories,  say- 
ings, doiugs,  puns,  jokes,  prac- 
tical hints,  take-offs,  etc.,  with 
grotesque  illustrations,  zodiacal 
signs  and  tables,  and  all  the 
features  of  a first-class  Almanac. 
All  the  wit  and  humor  which 
Mr.  Andeeson  suppressed  in  his 
“Skylight  and  Dark-Koom,” 
may  be  found  in  his  ALLMY- 
KNACK. Sample  of  Illustra- 
tions herewith.  Dealers  can  sell 
thousands ; photographers  can 
sell  hundreds.  Contains  64 
pages.  Liberal  discount  for 
wholesale  orders.  So  many 
thousands  are  sure  to  sell,  that 
the  publishers  are  enabled  to 
make  the  price 

ONI.Y  75  CEYTS, 

Have  your  orders  in  early. 


BENERMAN  & WILSON,  Photo.  Publishers,  Philada.,  Pa. 

PIPER  & CARTER,  Eonaoii,  Eng. 

7 (97) 


JUST  ISSUED! 


A NEW  EDITION  OF 

Bigelow’s  Album 

OF  LIGHTING  AND  POSING. 


NEARLY  ALL  NEW  STUDIES. 

This  album  brings  lighting  and  posing  down  to  a 
system  at  once  plain,  easy,  and  desirable.  No  yoorf, 
intelligent  operator  can  afford  to  work  without  it. 
(98) 


IT  CONTAINS 


24  Victoria  Portrait  Studies  in 
Light  and  Pose, 

With  an  explanatory  key,  telling  exactly  how  each 

PICTURE  WAS  MADE, -WHERE  THE  CAMERA  AND  SITTER  WERE 
PLACED  when  it  was  made,  what  curtains  were  opened 
in  lighting  the  subject,  &c.  A diagram  of  the  interior  of  the  sky- 
light (similar  to  the  one  on  the  opposite  page)  is  given  in  each 
case  (24  in  all),  telling  the  whole  story.  It  u bound  handsomely  in 
cloth,  giU. 


TESTIMONIALS. 

It  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  aids  to  art  education  which  has  yet  been 
presented  to  the  photo,  portraitist.  Each  print  represents  a distinct  study 
of  pose  and  lighting,  the  widest  variety  of  effects  being  comprehendea. 
We  should  be  glad  to  see  it  in  the  hands  of  English  portraitists  gener- 
ally.”—P^oto.  News. 

**  The  method  U an  admirable  one  smd  Mr.  Bigelow  deserves  credit  for  the 
systematic  way  in  which  he  has  carried  it  out.”— British  Journal  of  Pho- 
tography. 

“ I confess  that  this  work  has  furnished  me  much  instruction,  particu- 
larly the  manner  in  which,  by  word  and  picture,  studies  about  light  and 
pose  are  explained  and  made  comprehensible.”— Pr.  Vogel. 

“We  do  not  know  of  anything  ourselves  that  has  been  presented  to  the 
trade  which  is  calculated  to  do  so  much  real  good  as  Bigelow’s  Album, 
with  the  explanatory  key  to  the  studies.  It  is  an  invaluable  guide  to 
the  portraitist.” — Philadelphia  Photographer' . 

It  has  an  astonishing  sale  in  England  and  Germany,  as  well 
as  at  home,  and  is  really  invaluable. 


A NEW  EDITION  IS  NOW  READY, 

with 

NBW  KEY!  NEW  STUDIES! 


PRICE,  $6.00. 

FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  STOCKDEALERS, 

AND  BT  PIPER  A CARTER,  EONDON,  ENG. 


BENERMAN  & WILSON,  Publishers, 

Philadelphia,  Pa. 

(99) 


ALL  OF 


Scovill’s  Ferrotype  Materials 

CAN  BE  HAD  OP  YOUS  FAVOEITE  STOCEDEALEB. 

PHENIX  FERROTYPE  PLATES, 

PEERLESS  QUICK-WORKING  LENSES, 

SCOVILL’S  WHITE  FERROTYPE  VARNISH, 
AM.  OPTICAL  CO.’S  GEM  BOXES, 

SCOVILL’S  FERROTYPE  COLLODION, 
AMBROTYPE  COLLODION, 

ANDERSON’S  DRY  COLORS. 

SCOVILL’S  DRY  COLORS, 

In  wooden  boxes,  fitted  with  brushes  and  gold  saucers. 


CAS  AND  KEROSENE  STOVES, 

For  drying  the  pictures  after  varnishing. 


FERROTYPE  CARDS, 

FERROTYPE  MATS, 

OVAL  VELVET  CASES, 

UNION  CASES  (Square,  Oval,  and  Octagon), 
LOCKET  UNION  CASES, 

UNION  TRAYS  AND  FRAMES, 
ALL  SIZES  AND  STYLES. 
Ac.,  Ac.,  Ac. 

“BON  TON”  AND  GEM  ENVELOPES. 

(100) 


PHOTOGRAPHIC 

CARD  STOCK 


OF  EVERY  VARIETY, 

MANUFACTURED  BY 


A.  M.  COLLINS,  SON  & CO., 

Warehouse,  No.  18  S.  Sixth  Street, 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Our  long  experience  in  the  known  wants  of  photog- 
raphers, and  the  care  exercised  in  the  manufacture  of 
the  mounting  cards  required  by  them,  enables  us  to 
furnish  Card  Stock  of  superior  excellence,  and  we  can 
confidently  refer  to  all  first-class  artists  throughout 
the  country. 

Particular  attention  is  given  to  Special  Designs,  in- 
cluding monograms  and  addresses  for  mounts. 

A.  M.  COLLINS,  SON  & CO., 

No.  18  Soutli  Sixth  St.,  Philadelphia. 

( 101 ) 


THE 


imm  mm 

ARE  QUICK-ACTING, 

AND  HENCE 

ESPECIALLY  ADAPTED  to  FEEEOTYPING 


They  are  guaranteed  to  be  fully  equal  to  the  most  expen- 
sive foreign  lenses.  Competition  invited. 


PRICES. 


1-4  size,  with  central  stops $12  50 

1-2  “ “ 20  00 

4-4  “ “ 50  00 

Extra  4-4“  “ 125  00 

1-2  “ “ Quick  Acting 40  00 

4-4  “ “ “ “ 60  00 

Extra  4-4  “ “ “ “ 150  00 


These  lenses  are  guaranteed  first-class  in  every  respect. 

For  Sale  by  all  Dealers  in  Photographic  Materials. 

(102) 


BIGELO^W’S 

Patented  Plain,  Oil-Painted 

BACKGROUNDS, 

ALL  SIZES. 


Superior  to  Woolen  or  Distemper ! 


Their  texture  is  firm,  tough,  and  elastic,  and  being  painted 
in  oil  colors,  they  do  not  fade.  They  are  uninjured  by  water, 
and  can  be  sponged  off  with  soap  suds,  like  a floor  oil  cloth 
or  carriage  top. 

Unlike  Distemper  Grounds,  they  may  be  rolled  tightly  or 
folded.  They  are  inexpensive,  costing  much  less  than  woolen 
and  no  more  than  distemper.  Any  desired  shade  and  size 
can  be  supplied,  and  samples  may  be  had  on  application  to 
your  stockdealer. 

SQUARE  AND  REVOLVING 

REMBRANDT  BACKGROUNDS, 

AND 

IMITATION  SILK  CURTAINS, 

ALL  DONE  IN  OIL. 

D;^  To  be  had  of  all  Dealers  in  Photographic  Stock. 

(103) 


MORRISON’S 


WIDE-ANGLE  VIEW  LENS. 


Patented  April  26, 1872, 
and  May  21,  1872. 


These  Lenses  are 
constructed  on  sci- 
entific principles; 
they  embrace  an 
angle  of  fully  90 
degrees,  and  are 
absolutely  free 
from  distortion  and 
flare. 


No. 

Size  View. 

Focal 

Length. 

Price. 

1 

3x3 

23^  in. 

$40  per  pair. 

2 

3>^x  5 

3 “ 

40  “ 

3 

4 X 5^ 

4 “ 

40 

4 

4^x 

“ 

40 

5 

5x8 

5 “ 

40 

6 

6J^x  Wz 

6 

2.5  each. 

7 

8 xlO 

8 “ 

40 

8 

11  xl4 

10  “ 

60 

9 

14  xl7 

13^^  “ 

70 

10 

17  x20 

153^  “ 

100 

11 

24  X.30 

18  “ 

150 

REMARKS. 

Nos.  1 to  5 are  all  made  m 
matched  pairs  for  stereoscopic 
work.  The  shortest  focussed 
Lenses  are  espec.ally  adapted 
for  street  and  other  views  in 
confined  situations.  For  gen- 
eral purposes,  a pair,  of  No.  5 
Lenses  will  be  found  moat  use- 
ful. Equipped  w’ith  these, 
and  a New  Philadelphia  Box, 
the  photographer  will  be  pre- 
pared for  stereoscopic  or  the 
popular  5x8  views. 


MORRISON’S  LENSES  AHEAD. 

UNOLE  SAM  PEEPERS  THEM.  READ ! 

Engineer’s  Department,  Washington,  D.  C.,  Feb.  12th,  1873. 
ScoviLL  Manufacturing  Co. 

It  gives  me  real  pleasure  to  attest  to  the  great  value  of  the  Morrison’s 
Wide-Angle  Lens,  a pair  of  which  were  purchased  in  July  last  for  the 
Wheeler  Exploring  Expedition  in  Utah  and  Arizona.  After  having  used 
said  Lenses  in  the  canyons  near  the  Colorado  river,  and  photographing 
their  walls  from  1.500  to  2000  feet  high,  the  results  show  how  perfectly  the 
Lenses  did  their  work.  They  equal  the  most  costly  and  excel  most  of 
the  lenses  heretofore  used  by  me. 

WILLIAM  BELL, 

Fhotographer,  Wheeler  Exploring  Expedition. 

( 104  ) 


WE  PUBLISH 

FEEROTYPES,aDiHO¥TO  MAKE  THEM 

By  E.  M.  ESTABKOOKE,  of  New  York. 

A complete  and  fascinating  work  by  one  who  is  the 
highest  authority  on  this  subject. 

Phenix  Ferrotype  Plates. 

American  Optical  Co.’s  Gem  Boxes. 
Hyatt’s  Ferrotype  Varnish. 

Flesh  Tint  Varnish. 

Ferrotype  Mounts  and  Holders. 
DOUBLE  BACK  CHAIR, 

THE  BEST  POSING  APPARATUS  EVER  MADE. 

Price,  in  Green  Kep,  $25.00;  in  Brown  Velvet,  $28.00. 

SLIDING  BACK  CHAIR, 

WITH  WIDE  BACK  AND  HEAVY  BULLION  FRINGE. 

Price,  6 inch  Fringe,  $12.00 ; 8 inch  Fringe,  $14.00. 

Photographic  Table,  Price,  §16.00. 
Scenery  Backgrounds. 

Woolen  Backgrounds. 

Bigelow’s  Plain  Oil  Painted  Backgrounds. 
Bigelow’s  Revolving  Backgrounds. 

ETC.,  ETC.,  ETC.,  ETC. 

GATOHELL  & HYATT, 

CINCIMATI,  ST.  LOUIS,  LOUISVILLE, 

MISSOURI. 

(105) 


OHIO. 


KENTUCKY. 


Buffalo  Photographic  Warehouse 


H 

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EH 

02 

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c>r 

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David  Tucker. 


DEALERS  IN  EVERY  VARIETY  OP 


S.  B.  Butts, 


FBOTOGRAPHtC  MATEBlAtS, 

AND  THE  MOST  DESIRED  STYLES  OF 

OTAL.  A1V1>  SQUARE  FRAMES, 


Also,  G-ilt,  Black  Walimt,  and  Eosewood  and  Gilt  Mouldings. 


CAMERAS  AND  APPARATUS, 

IN  GREAT  VARIETY. 


All  Goods  sold  at  lowest  Market  Prices. 

DAVID  TUCKER  & CO. 

(106) 


THE  BACK  VOLUMES  OF  THE 


FOR  $3  EACH. 


THEY  ARE  HOING  RAPIDLY.  SECURE  SOME. 


The  publication  of  the  Photographic  World  having  been 
suspended,  the  publishers  offer  the  FEW  REMAINING 
VOLUMES  on  hand  for  the  EXCEEDINGLY  LOW  PRICE  of 

THREE  DOLLARS  A VOLUME! 

They  contain  many  of  the  best  home  and  foreign  con- 
tributions to  photographic  literature  ever  published.  Among 
which  are  a series  of  papers  on 

POSITION  AND  COMPOSITION, 


AND  ANOTHER  ENTITLED 

Both  of  which  are  beautifully  illustrated,  and  alone 
worth  more  than  the  cost  of  the  volumes. 

The  24  pictures  in  the  two  volumes  are  varied  in  style, 
very  beautiful,  and  alone  worth  six  dollars. 

Postage  payable  at  your  own  oflUce,  or  36  cents  extra, 
prepaid. 


Bach  volumes  of  the  PHILADELPHIA 
PHOTOGRAPHER  also  for  sale  at 
the  subscription  price. 


For  sale  by  PIPER  & CARTFR,  liOndon,  Fng^. 

BENERMAN  & WILSON,  Publishers, 

Seventh  & Cherry  Sts.,  Philadelphia. 

(107) 


GEORGE  R.  ANGELL, 

129  JEFFEBSOH^  AVENUE, 


DETKOIT,  MICHIGAN, 


DEALER  IN 

HOTOGRAPHIC 


FEEKOTYPE  STOCK, 

AETISTS’  MATEEIALS, 

FEAMES, 

MOULDINGS, 

PICTUEES, 


TEASK’S  FEEEOTYPE  COLLODION, 

SCOVILL’S  FEEEO.  DEYING  EACKS, 


FEEEO.  ENVELOPES. 
(108) 


FERROTYPERS’ 


Requisites 

ALL  STYLES  CAN  BE  FOUND  AT 

THE  CHICAGO  SQUARE-DEALING 

PHOTOGRAPHIC 

MEP&T,j 

No.  76  STATE  STREET, 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 

N.  C.  THAYER  & CO. 


SEND  US  A TRIAL  ORDER. 
(109) 


Baltimore  Popular  Stock  Depot. 


CHAS.  A.  WILSON, 

7 NOETH  CHAELES  ST.,  BALTIMOEE. 

Invites  those  desiring  low  prices,  good  goods,  and  promptness  to  send 
him  their  orders. 

VOIGTLANDER’S  CAMERA  TUBES  AND  LENSES. 

C.  C.  HARRISON'S  PORTRAIT  AND  GLOBE  LENSES. 

AMERICAN  OPTICAL  COMPANY’S  APPARATUS. 

All  popular  brands  of  ALBUMENIZED  PAPER,  both  heavy  and  light, 
and  guaranteed  to  produce  uniformly  the  most  perfect  results. 

DEALER  IN  ALL  MATERIALS  USED  FOE 

Porcelain  Pictures^  including  Porcelain 
Glass,  Plain  and  Ground, 

or  ALL  SIZES,  THE  BEST  IN  MARKET.  A SPLENDID  ASSORTMENT  OF 

BLACK  WAimr,  BOSBWOOB,  ElILT,  AHB  B7STIC 

For  Porcelain  Pictures  and  Photographs. 

Silk,  Cotton  Velvet,  and  Velvet  Edge  Passepartouts  for  Porcelain  Pictures. 

GENUINE  B.  P.  C.  CLASS. 

PORCELAIN  WARE  BATHS,  DIPPERS,  AND  TRAYS. 

A FULL  ASSORTMENT  OF 

CASES,  FRAMES,  GLASS,  APPARATUS,  ROLLER  PRESSES, 
BACKGROUNDS,  PHOTOGRAPHIC  CHAIRS  AND  LOUNGES, 
AND  CHEMICALS  OF  THE  PUREST  MANUFACTURE,  &c. 

With  whatever  else  is  requisite  for  the  pursuit  of  Photography,  sup- 
plied on  the  shortest  notice,  and  on  the  most  favorable  terms. 

The  attention  of  Photographers  throughout  the  United  States  is  respect- 
fully invited  to  the  advantages  offered  of  a superior  quality  of  materials, 
and  extensive  facilities  for  the  execution  of  orders  which  are  respectfully 
solicited.  Orders  filled  with  care  and  despatch,  and  sent,  if  desired,  with 
bill  for  collection  by  Express,  to  any  part  of  the  United  States. 

Address 

CUAS.  A.  WIL.S01V, 

7 N.  Charles  St.,  Baltimore. 

(110) 


THE  HEADQUARTERS 


FOR 


PHENIX  PLATES 

AND 

FEEEOTYPE  STOCK  GENEEALLY, 

INCLUDING 

SCOYILL’S  A.  O.  C.  GEM  AND  FEREOTYPE 
BOXES, 

HANCE'S  SPECIALTIES, 

WAYMOUTH’S  IMPROVED  VIGNETTE 
PAPERS,  &c.,  &c. 

At  the  Best  Possible  Rates, 

Is  at  the  popular  Stock  Depot  of 


No.  7 North  Charles  St., 

BALTIMORE,  MD. 

(Ill) 


Hance’s  Specialties 

FOB  FEBROTYPEBS. 


HANCE’S 

Delicate  Cream  Gun  Cotton 

Has  no  superior  for  Ferrotype  Work,  giving,  as  it  does,  a 
delicate,  structureless  film  unapproached  by  any  other  cot- 
ton manufactured.  IT  NEEDS  BUT  A TRIAL  TO  MAKE 
IT  A FAVORITE.  80  cents  per  ounce. 


Trask’s  Ferrotype  Collodion 

IS  UNRIVALLED. 

Manufactured  by  Mr.  A.  K.  P.  Trask  personally.  Mr. 
Trask  is  so  well  known  as  a ferrotyper  and  photographer 
that  his  collodion  needs  no  comment.  If  you  would  make 
good  work,  use  it.  Formula  on  the  label. 


FOR  SALE  BY  ALL  DEALERS. 

ALFRED  L.  HANCE, 

No,  128  North  Seventh  St., 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA. 

SOOVILL  MIG.  00.,  Trade  Agents, 

NEW  TORH. 


(112) 


SCOVILL 


M&NUr&CTURIIIi;  COMPANY, 

No.  4 Beekman  Street,  New  York, 

WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 

PHOTOGRAPHIC  STOCK. 


DEALERS  SUPPLIED  . 

On  the  Most  Advantageous  Terms,  with 

EVERY  ARTICLE  IN  THE  WORLD 

Used  or  sold  in  the  Art  of  Photography. 


Our  facilities  are  such  that  we  cannot  he  superseded 
by  any  other  house  anywhere. 

We  make  it  to  the  advantage  of  every  one  to  deal 
with  us. 


ASK  TOUR  DEALER  FOR  SCOVILL’S  800DS, 


jg@**See  monthly  announcements  in,  and  read  the 

“ PHOTOGRAPHIC  TIMES.” 

8 (113) 


skylightITdark-room. 

By  ELBERT  ANDERSON, 

Is  the  Most  Useful,  Klnhorate,  and  Handsome  Work 
ever  issued  on  Hhotoff  raithy , 

IT  IS  EMPHATICALLY  A WOEKING  PHOTOGRAPHER’S  BOOE. 

No  work  so  thoroughly  practical  wa^  ever  written  by  so  thoroughly 
practical  a man. 

AMONG  OTHER  THINGS  IT  CONTAINS 

Something  about  Hydrostatics,  Pneumatics,  Acoustics,  Heat, 
aud  Optics;  Outlines  of  Chemistry;  and,  a full  course  of  instruc- 
tions on  ' 

PiioTOGRAPHY — Photographic  Chemicals;  The  Skylight;  The 
Backgrounds  ; Accessories ; Reflectors ; The  Platform  ; The  Re- 
ception-Room ; The  Dark-Room;  The  Tanks;  The  Chemical- 
Room;  On  the  Selection  of  Glass  for  Negatives;  On  the  Method 
of  Cleaning  the  Plates;  Polishing  the  Plates;  Albumenizing  the 
Plates;  Preparation  of  the  Albumen;  Collodion;  Iodides  and 
Bromides  used  in  Collodion;  Formula  for  Iodized  Collodion  ; El- 
bert Anderson’s  Portrait  Collodion;  The  Negative  Bath;  De- 
velopment; Nature  of  the  Invisible  Image;  Developing  and  Re- 
ileveloping  ; Etreets  of  Intensification;  The  Fixing  Solutions; 
Rectification  of  the  Negative  Bath;  To  Fuse  the  Bath;  To  Re- 
store a Disordered  Bath  by  Precipitation;  To  Throw  Down  tlie 
Silver  in  the  Metallic  State;  The  Camera;  The  Plateholder  ; The 
Lens;  Varnishing  the  Negative ; Negative  Varnish;  Retouching 
the  Negative;  The  Printing-Room ; Silvering  Plain  Paper;  Am- 
monio-N it  rate  of  Silver ; Albumen  Paper ; The  Positive  Bath  ; To 
Silver  the  Paper;  Fuming;  The  Print;  The  Press;  Vignette 
Print ing Boards ; Medallion  Printing;  Fancy  Mt'dallion  Printing; 
Washing  the  Prints;  Toning  the  Prints;  Fixing  Bath;  The 
Washing  Tank;  Mounting;  The  Press;  Encaustic  Paste;  Mis- 
cellaneous Hints;  Porcelain  Printing  by  the  t’ollodio-Chloride 
Process;  Collodio-Chloride ; Porcelain  Printing  Frames;  The 
Ferrotype;  Transi)arencies  for  thelMagic  Lantern — How  Made; 
By  the  C/opying  Camera;  By  Direct  Printing  on  Dry  Plates;  By 
the  Collodio-Chloride  Process;  Coloring  Magic  Lantern  Slides: 
On  Copying;  To  Clean  a Daguerreotype;  On  the  Recovery  ot 
Silver  from  the  Wastes;  Silver  from  the  Develoi)er;  The  Wash- 
ings from  the  Prints;  Waste  from  the  Toning  Bath;  Clii>pings; 
Filters,  &c. ; Of  the  Treatment  of  these  Residues. 

Art  as  Aim’Likd  to  PiioTO(UiAi*iiY.— Balance  of  Lines;  Per- 
spective; Drawbacks  of  the  C.’amera ; Examples  of  Distortion  of 
the  Camera;  Curious  Effects  of  Distance  of  a L(mis  ; Imperfections 
of  the  Human  Face;  Brilliancy;  Relief;  Position. 

Dktails  of  Manipulation.— Manipulation  No.  1;  Exposure; 
Manipulation  No.  2 ; Rtmiarks  on  Development;  Pinholes;  Fog- 
ging; Filtering  the  Bath  ; and  so  on,  and  so  on. 

Great  number  of  Original  Illustrations,  12  interesting 
Photographs,  Fine  Paper,  Durable  Binding. 

(114) 


Read  what  WorMug  Photogranhers  say  about  it. 


TESTIMONIALS. 

“It  is  practical,  plain-speaking,  and  tolls  all  that  can  be  told.” — 
Charles  Wager  Hull. 

“It  is  the  most  complete  and  exhaustive  work  of  any  that  has 
yet  been  published.” — R.  J.  (Ihute. 

“I  only  hope  that  five  thousand  copies  will  go  each  into  a pair 
of  silver-stained  hands  in  Uncle  Sam’s  land  before  the  close  of 
this  year.”— AV.  J.  Baker. 

“ I congratulate  American  Photographers  on  the  issue  of  such 
a valuable  addition  to  the  literature  of  the  art  as  ^Ir.  Elbert 
Anderson’s  Skylight  and  Dark-Room,  which  in  my  personal 
estimation  is  one  of  the  most  useful  books  which  has  yet  l)een 
issued  ill  connection  with  the  art.” — G.  Wharton  Simpson. 

“ Anderson’s  book  is  a model  work.  To  any  one  who  desires  to 
prepare  himself  for  a thorough  study  of  photograjihy,  or  who 
wants  to  lake  a general  survey  of  all  the  branches  of  the  art,  I 
should  recommend  Anderson’s  book.  No  work  on  photography 
has  ever  before  been  gotten  up  in  so  splendid  a style.” — Dr. 
Vogel. 

“I  find  in  it  a great  deal  of  valuable  information.  It  appears 
to  me  that  those  portions  relating  to  practice  of  photography  in 
the  dark-room  and  skylight,  together  with  defects,  their  causes 
and  remedies,  are  written  with  a truth  and  elearness  not  to  be 
found  in  any  other  treatise  on  the  subject.” — J.  C.  Browne. 

“There  has  been  left  no  room  for  adverse  criticisms,  and  I know 
the  book  cannot  but  prove  a great  success.” — John  L.  Gihon. 

“I  have  received  Mr.  Anderson’s  book  and  am  delighted  with  it 
The  first  page  I read  paid  me  back  the  four  dollars  1 invested  in 
it,  for  it  treated  on  a point  I was  in  doubtabout,  most  clearly  and 
to  my  satisfaction,  thus  saving  me  a long  process  of  exper- 
imenting. It  pleases  me  and  will  save  trouble  in  points  of  doubt 
where  I should  not  know  without  experimenting  which  way  to 
go.” — B.  W.  Kilburn. 

“A  book  that  every  photographer  should  have.” — I.  B.  Web- 
ster. 

Author  and  publishers  have  endeavored  to  make  it  invaluable 
to  every  fortunate  owner  of  a copy.  It  is  a square  book,  hand- 
somely bound  in  cloth  and  gilt. 

PRICE,  $4.00. 

Sent  post-paid  on  receipt  of  price  by  all  stockdealers. 

BENERMAN  &,  WILSON,  Photographic  Publishers, 

S.  W.  cor.  Seventh  and  Cherry  Sts.,  Fhilada. 

(115) 


HflNCE’S  PHOTOGBftPHIC 


ARE  SOLD  BY  ALL  DEALERS  AS  EOLLOWS: 


£lbcrt  AiiilerNOii’f^  Portrait  Collodion. 

Per  pound,  ^fl.50.  Half-pound,  80  cents. 

Ifaiice^  M'liite  Mountain  Collodion. 

Per  pound,  iS-l.oO.  Half-pound,  80  cents. 

CnrtiN’  Niagara  Falls  Collodion. 

Per  })ound,  S^l.oO.  Half-pound,  80  cents. 

Hance’s  Pecnlar  Portrait  Collodion. 

Per  pound,  $1.50.  Half-pound,  80  cents. 

TrasU’s  Ferrotype  Collodion. 

Per  pound,  $1.50.  Half-pound,  80  cents. 
Cninining^s’  CJrit  Varnisli.  Per  bottle,  40  cents, 

nance’s  Silver  Spray  dun  Cotton. 

Per  ounce,  50  cents. 

nance’s  llelicate  Cream  dun  Cotton, 

Per  ounce,  80  cents. 

dill’s  Concentrated  Chromo  Intensifier. 

Per  bottle,  50  cents. 

nance’s  droiiml  dlass  Substitute. 

Per  bottle,  50  cents. 


TRADE  MARK:  THE  BEST  GOODS  & FULL  MEASURE. 

Try  Bailee’s  Photon’apliic  Specialties. 

See  Testimonials  in  former  and  future  advertisements. 

A£FRFI>  £.  IIANCE,  Manufacturer, 

Ifiii  North  Seventh  Street,  I^hilada. 

SCOVTLL  MF’G  CO.,  Trade  Agents,  New  York. 

(110) 


NORTHWESTERN  FERROTYPERS 


CAN  FIND  A FULL  STOCK  OF  THE 

Phenix  Ferrotype  Plates, 

Black  and  Patent  Chocolate-Tinted— Eggshell  and  G-lossy, 

ALWAYS  ON  HAND  BY 


JVbs.  11  & 13  Sprinff  Street^ 

MILWAUKEE,  WIS. 


SPECIALTIES: 


Genuine  B.  P.  €.  G1a<4$i, 

American  Optical  Co.’s  Apparatus, 

IJnion  Card  Frames, 

Plioto.  Publications  (Benerman  & Wilson’s), 
Albumen  Papers, 

Ferro.  Fnvelopes, 

^ Ferro.  Card  Frames  (Union), 

Ferro.  Collodions, 

F'erro.  llrying'  Racks. 
Ferro.  Varnisli, 

AND 

A PROMPT  FILLING  OF  ORDERS. 

(117) 


SCOVILL  MANUFACTURING  CO, 


PHOTOGRAPHIC  GOODS 

Foreign  and  Domestic,  in  every  variety. 

4 BEEKMAN  STREET,  NEW  YORK. 


Dealers  supplied  with  the  best  goods  on  the  best  terms.  Our  own  ex- 
teasive  facilities  for  manufacturing  enable  us  to  produce  first  quality  of 
goods,  and  our  extensive  connections,  at  home  and  abroad,  give  us  facil- 
ities which  no  one  else  has. 


WATERBURY,  CONN.  NEW  HAVEN,  CONN.  NEW  YORK  CITY. 


See  other  advertisements  in  the  photographic  books  and  magazines. 

Kxamine  ScovUVs  Photographic  Clocks. 


(118) 


Read  the  Photographic  Times. 


INDIANAPOLIS  FERROTYPERS’  STOCK  DEPOT. 


INDIANAPOLIS 


Ferrotype iV  Stock, 

ALL  STYLES, 

OF  THE  BEST  QUALITY, 

ALWAYS  ON  HAND  BY 


L.  S.  WHITE, 

No.  173  E.  Washington  Street, 
INDIANAPOLIS,  INDIANA. 

PHENIX  PLATES, 

AND 

AM.  OPTICAL  CO.’S  APPARATUS. 

T R A S K ^ S 

FERROTYPE  COLLODION. 

(119) 


INDIANAPOLIS  FERROTYPERS’  STOCK  DEPOT. 


THE  AMEEICAN  OPTICAL  00. 

MANUFACTURE 


HAERISON  & SCHNITZER'S  GLOBE  AND  RATIO  LENSES, 

THE  C.  C.  HARRISON  PORTRAIT  LENSES, 

FOCUSING  GLASSES, 

MAGIC  LANTERN  OBJECTIVES, 

And  all  instruments  pertaining  to  the  Optica  of  Photography. 


APPARATUS : 


(xEM,  Card,  and  Universal, 
Imperial  Card  or  Cabinet, 
The  Chicago  Card, 

The  Single  View, 

The  Model  Copying, 


Nine-Tube  Multiplying, 
Victoria  Improved, 

The  Phila.  Stereo., 

The  Cone  Bellows, 

The  Superior  Enlarging, 


CAMERA  BOXES. 


Perfect  C'aiiiera  St  amis. 

Holders  and  Parts  of  IIol<lers. 
Patent  Lie ver- Adjustment  Oallery  Stands. 


TRIPODS,  DRY-PLATE  BOXES, 

PATENT  GLASS  BATHS,  PRINTING  FRAMES, 

DARK  TENTS,  WOOD  SCREW  VISES, 

NEGATIVE  BOXES,  AND 

EVERYTHING  IN  THE  APPARATUS  LINE. 


Partiea  desiring  Boxes,  or  other  Apparatus  of  special  construction,  can 
he  aocoininodated.  None  but  the  best  workmen  employed.  Send  for 
illustrated  catalogue. 

For  Sale  by  all  Dealers  in  Photographic  Stock. 
(120) 


